Cardamine bitter-cress, cuckoo flower
Incl. Dentaria.
(For a dichotomous table for galls on Cardamine by Hans Roskam click here)
Dichotomous table for leafminers
1a larva in stem and petioles, sometimes making excursions into the leaf that start from the midrib => 2
1b larva not in stem or petiole => 3
1c galls, etc => Tables for all parasites per species
Dichotomous table for leafminers
1a larva in stem and petioles, sometimes making excursions into the leaf that start from the midrib => 2
1b larva not in stem or petiole => 3
1c galls, etc => Tables for all parasites per species
2a the larva induces a gall; larva without feet: Ceutorhynchus pectoralis
2b no gall; larva with thoracic feet: Psylliodes napi
3a mine full depth; larva with chitinised head => 4
3b mine upper- and/or lower-surface; larva a maggot => 7
4a mine small, < 1 cm; frass in discrete grains; larva, with abdominal and thoracic feet, later lives free: Plutella xylostella
4b mine > 1 cm, a corridor or blotch; frass in lumps or strings; larva without abdominal feet => 6
5a older larvae live among spun leaves: Cnephasia incertana
5b older larvae live at the underside of the leaf: Plutella xylostella
6a frass partly in strings; mine an untidy corridor; larva without thoracic feet: Ceutorhynchus minutus
6b frass in lumps; mine more blotchy; larva with thoracic feet: Phyllotreta nemorum
7a upper- and/or lower-surface blotch, preceded by a narrow corridor (may have been overrun later); frass powdery, in blackish-green clouds: Scaptomyza flava
7b corridor mine; frass black, coarser => 8
8a pinnately branched corridor, main branch overlying the midrib: Liriomyza strigata
8b corridor litle branched, not pinnate, not associated with the midrib => 9
9a pupation within the mine, in a, usually lower-surface, pupal chamber; frass in discrete grains: Chromatomyia horticola
9b pupation external; frass in long strings: Liriomyza brassicae