gallers on genus Eruca

1a On parts above ground => 4

1b On roots or root collar => 2

2a On roots => 3

2b Almost globular, fleshy swellings on root collar, up to 7 (10) mm long, one-chambered. Containing a single larva. E. vesicaria: Ceutorhynchus assimilis

3a Small swellings, up to 5 mm long, nodular or ± spindle-shaped on side roots bearing some adventitious roots. E. vesicaria: Meloidogyne hapla

3b Conspicuous, fleshy swellings of variable size mainly in main- and major side roots. Many cells containing masses of minute spores inside. E. vesicaria: Plasmodiophora brassicae

4a On flowers or fruits => 8

4b On vegetative parts => 5

5a Malformations caused by animals => 6

5b Dense, at first closed glossy, porcelain-like bulging swellings on all green parts, with after rupturing mealy dusting of sori. E. vesicaria: Albugo candida

6a On stems or leaves => 7

6b Shoot tips, also axillary buds, stunted. Leaves as well as flower buds densely clustered; leaf base fleshy swollen, gall bodies variously enveloped by disfigured parts. Containing several white to pale yellow larvae. E. vesicaria: Contarinia nasturtii

7a Spindle-shaped, up to 15 (20) mm long, often deep green swelling on petioles, leaf veins or stems. Containing a single larva. E. vesicaria: Ceutorhynchus chalybaeus

7b Leaf blade deflected at margin; leaf blade variously strongly arched or folded, often pale green, sometimes reddish marbled. E. vesicaria: Brevicoryne brassicae

8a Flowers swollen, unopened. Containing several white to pale yellow larvae. E. vesicaria: Contarinia nasturtii

8b Similar flower galls; but contrary to the ± rotund-oval previously reported galls on Eruca usually ± conical and more conspicuous. Containing several non-jumping, also white when mature, larvae. E. vesicaria: Gephyraulus raphanistri

8c Large part of silique swollen, yellowish. Containing several white larvae. E. vesicaria: Dasineura napi