1a narrow tortuous gallery with frass in a central line: Parafomoria tingitella

1b tentiform mine: Triberta helianthemella

1c fleck mine =>2

1d galls, etc => Tables for all parasites per species

2a the larva, that doesn’t live in a case, mines from a silken tube that descends along the stem to the ground: Scythris siccella

2b larva in a case; no silken tube => 3

3a hole in the mine neatly circular, along the rim a fringe of fine short stubbles; case more or less tubular => 4

3b hole not neatly circular, not fringe of stubbles; case helicoidal: Apterone helicoidella

4aspecies from the Canary Islands: Coleophora confluella

4b species from central and southern Europe: Coleophora helianthemella