Plant Parasites of Europe

leafminers, galls and fungi

Alcea rosea

common hollyhock

synonym: Alcea ficifolia, rosea subsp. ficifolia; Althaea ficifolia, rosea

organ parasitic mode stage note taxonomic group parasite
leaf leaf spot Mycosphaerellaceae Cercospora nebulosa
leaf leaf spot Mycosphaerellaceae Cercospora althaeina
fruit vagrant Lygaeidae Oxycarenus hyalinipennis
leaf predator Miridae Deraeocoris ruber
predator Miridae Campylomma verbasci
fruit vagrant Pyrrhocoridae Pyrrhocoris apterus
fruit vagrant Rhopalidae Stictopleurus crassicornis
leaf vagrant Pentatomidae Carpocoris purpureipennis
leaf vagrant Pentatomidae Dolycoris baccarum
leaf vagrant Miridae Lygus rugulipennis
leaf pustule telia Pucciniales Puccinia sherardiana
leaf pustule telia Pucciniales Puccinia heterospora
leaf scale Aleyrodidae Trialeurodes vaporariorum
stem scale Pseudococcidae Planococcus citri
leaf vagrant Erebidae Hyphantria cunea
leaf vagrant Noctuidae Noctua comes
leaf vagrant doubtful Noctuidae Caradrina kadenii
fruit borer Nolidae Earias chlorophyllana
fruit borer Nolidae Earias chlorophyllana
leaf vagrant Geometridae Larentia malvata
leaf hidden Hesperiidae Carcharodus alceae
leaf vagrant Cicadellidae Eupteryx aurata
leaf vagrant Cicadellidae Eupteryx atropunctata
leaf vagrant Cicadellidae Eupteryx melissae
flower hidden Thripidae Frankliniella occidentalis
root borer larva Chrysomelidae Podagrica fuscipes
root vagrant Chrysomelidae Podagrica malvae
stem borer Chrysomelidae Podagrica menetriesi
fruit vagrant Tortricidae Crocidosema plebejana
leaf vagrant Eriophyidae Aceria bendeguzi
leaf vagrant Eriophyidae Aceria egmirae
fruit borer Gelechiidae Pexicopia malvella
flower borer Gelechiidae Platyedra subcinerea
stem borer larva Chrysomelidae Podagrica fuscicornis
stem borer larva Curculionidae Lixus pulverulentus
root collar borer larva Apionidae Aspidapion aeneum
stem borer larva Apionidae Aspidapion radiolus
fruit borer larva Apionidae Aspidapion validum
stem borer larva Apionidae Alocentron curvirostre
leaf down doubtful Erysiphales Golovinomyces magnicellulatus
leaf miner Agromyzidae Chromatomyia horticola
fruit gall Apionidae Malvapion malvae
fruit gall Apionidae Rhopalapion longirostre
leaf down Erysiphales Leveillula contractirostris
leaf down Erysiphales Neoërysiphe galeopsidis
leaf gall Aphididae Aphis umbrella
leaf miner Agromyzidae Liriomyza strigata
leaf miner Agromyzidae Liriomyza xanthocera
leaf miner Buprestidae Trachys troglodytiformis
leaf vagrant Aphididae Acyrthosiphon malvae malvae
leaf pustule telia Pucciniales Puccinia malvacearum
leaf vagrant Aphididae Aphis althaeae

Organ

the part of the plant that most conspicuously is hit by the parasite

all buds: both flower buds and leaf buds
flower: also inflorescence
leaf: also needle, phyllodium, petiole
leaf bud: also unfolding young leaf
fruit: also seed
root: also root stock, runners
root collar: also the lowest part of the stem
stem: also culm, the lower part of the peduncle, in grasses also leaf sheath
systemic: the entire above-ground plant.

PARASITIC MODE

borer: larva living internally, almost no outwards signs
down: 0.5-2 mm high fungal down
film: very thin cover of fungal tussue
gall: swelling and/or malformation
grazer: feeding at the outside of the plant
leaf spot: discoloured, often ± necrotic, generally not galled, sign of a fungus infection
miner-borer: larve initially makes a mine, lives as a borer later
pustule: plug of fungal tissue, generally brown-black and < 2 mm
stripe: longitudinal line of fungal tissue in a grass leaf
vagrant: (aphids, mites) living freely on the plant, at higher densitiy causing malformations.

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IMPORTANT

The host plant spectre of a parasite is rarely known exhaustively; this applies in particular at the species level. It is advisable therefore to check at least also the list of all parasites of this genus.

 

Last modified 10.ix.2022