organ | parasitic mode | stage | note | taxonomic group | parasite |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
fruit | vagrant | Pyralidae | Apomyelois ceratoniae | ||
predator | Anthocoridae | Buchananiella continua | |||
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Aphis odinae | ||
flower | vagrant | Miridae | Closterotomus trivialis | ||
leaf | vagrant | Miridae | Phytocoris pinihalepensis | ||
predator | Anthocoridae | Cardiastethus nazarenus | |||
predator | Anthocoridae | Cardiastethus fasciiventris | |||
leaf | vagrant | doubtful | Miridae | Pinalitus conspurcatus | |
leaf | vagrant | Pentatomidae | Rhaphigaster nebulosa | ||
leaf | vagrant | adult | Curculionidae | Otiorhynchus meridionalis | |
root | vagrant | Curculionidae | Otiorhynchus armatus | ||
leaf | scale | Aleyrodidae | Siphoninus phillyreae | ||
leaf | scale | Aleyrodidae | Dialeurodes kirkaldyi | ||
vagrant | Tenuipalpidae | Brevipalpus yothersi | |||
stem | scale | Margarodidae | Icerya purchasi | ||
scale | Diaspididae | Pinnaspis strachani | |||
stem | borer | adult | Bostrichidae | Schistoceros bimaculatus | |
scale | Pseudococcidae | Phenacocccus gossypii | |||
vagrant | Tenuipalpidae | Brevipalpus azores | |||
stem | scale | Pseudococcidae | Puto barberi | ||
scale | Coccidae | Eucalymnatus tessellatus | |||
scale | Diaspididae | Chrysomphalus dictyospermi | |||
leaf | vagrant | Erebidae | Hyphantria cunea | ||
leaf | scale | Coccidae | Ceroplastes floridensis | ||
scale | Diaspididae | Chrysomphalus aonidum | |||
scale | Diaspididae | Chrysomphalus dictyospermi | |||
stem | scale | Pseudococcidae | Planococcus citri | ||
stem | scale | Diaspididae | Aonidiella aurantii | ||
scale | Coccidae | Parasaissetia nigra | |||
stem | scale | Pseudococcidae | Pseudococcus longispinus | ||
leaf | scale | Coccidae | Saissetia coffeae | ||
leaf | scale | Coccidae | Protopulvinaria pyriformis | ||
stem | scale | Coccidae | Ceroplastes sinensis | ||
stem | scale | Coccidae | Ceroplastes rusci | ||
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Epiphyas postvittana | ||
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Aulacorthum circumflexum | ||
flower | borer | Yponomeutidae | Prays citri | ||
leaf | vagrant | Erebidae | Orgyia trigotephras | ||
stem | borer | Curculionidae | Zeuzera pyrina | ||
leaf | vagrant | Pyralidae | Cryptoblabes gnidiella | ||
stem | borer | Buprestidae | Anthaxia myrmidon | ||
stem | borer | Buprestidae | Chrysobothris dorsata | ||
root | vagrant | Curculionidae | Diaprepes abbreviatus | ||
leaf | vagrant | doubtful | Cicadellidae | Hauptidia maroccana | |
leaf | vagrant | Cicadellidae | Sophonia orientalis | ||
leaf | vagrant | Ricaniidae | Ricania speculum | ||
leaf | vagrant | Cicadellidae | Penthimiola bella | ||
leaf | vagrant | Cicadellidae | Circulifer haematoceps | ||
leaf | vagrant | rarely | Tetranychidae | Aplonobia histricina | |
stem | borer | Curculionidae | Hypothenemus eruditus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Tetranychidae | Panonychus citri | ||
leaf | scale | Aleyrodidae | Bemisia tabaci | ||
leaf | hidden | Thripidae | Thrips angusticeps | ||
unknown | unknown | Thripidae | Thrips italicus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Thripidae | Thrips major | ||
leaf | scale | Aleyrodidae | Singhiella citrifolii | ||
leaf | gall | Triozidae | Trioza erytreae | ||
leaf | vagrant | Thripidae | Scirtothrips inermis | ||
flower | hidden | Thripidae | Frankliniella intonsa | ||
flower | hidden | Thripidae | Pezothrips kellyanus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Tetranychidae | Eutetranychus orientalis | ||
stem | vagrant | Flatidae | Metcalfa pruinosa | ||
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Archips rosana | ||
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Archips xylosteana | ||
systemic | vagrant | Tenuipalpidae | Brevipalpus phoenicis | ||
leaf | vagrant | Tenuipalpidae | Brevipalpus lewisi | ||
leaf | vagrant | Tenuipalpidae | Brevipalpus californicus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Tenuipalpidae | Brevipalpus obovatus | ||
leaf | scale | Aleyrodidae | Paraleyrodes citricolus | ||
leaf | scale | Aleyrodidae | Paraleyrodes bondari | ||
leaf | scale | Aleyrodidae | Paraleyrodes minei | ||
leaf | scale | Aleyrodidae | Parabemisia myricae | ||
leaf | scale | Aleyrodidae | Acaudaleyrodes rachipora | ||
stem | scale | Coccidae | Saissetia oleae | ||
leaf | scale | Aleyrodidae | Bemisia afer | ||
leaf | scale | Aleyrodidae | Aleurothrixus floccosus | ||
leaf | scale | Aleyrodidae | Dialeurodes citri | ||
leaf | scale | Aleyrodidae | Aleuroclava aucubae | ||
leaf | scale | Aleyrodidae | Aleurocanthus spiniferus | ||
leaf | scale | Diaspididae | Lepidosaphes beckii | ||
leaf | scale | Coccidae | Coccus hesperidum | ||
systemic | scale | Unknown code! | Diaspididae | Lepidosaphes gloverii | |
stem | scale | Diaspididae | Lepidosaphes ulmi | ||
stem | scale | Diaspididae | Lepidosaphes conchiformis | ||
systemic | scale | Diaspididae | Parlatoria oleae | ||
leaf | scale | Diaspididae | Parlatoria ziziphi | ||
systemic | scale | Diaspididae | Parlatoria pergandii | ||
fruit | borer | Tephritidae | Ceratitis capitata | ||
leaf | vagrant | Coccidae | Pulvinaria floccifera | ||
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Macrosiphum euphorbiae | ||
leaf | vagrant | Tenuipalpidae | Cenopalpus pulcher | ||
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Brachyunguis harmalae | ||
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Aphis frangulae | |
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Aphis fabae | |
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Aphis citricidus | ||
stem | vagrant | Aphididae | Aphis craccivora | ||
root | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Rectinasus buxtoni | |
systemic | gall | Eriophyidae | Aceria sheldoni | ||
flower | gall | Cecidomyiidae | Contarinia citri | ||
leaf | gall | Eriophyidae | Phyllocoptruta oleivora | ||
leaf | miner | Gracillariidae | Phyllocnistis citrella | ||
leaf | vagrant | Eriophyidae | Aculops pelekassi | ||
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Aphis spiraecola | ||
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Aphis fabae fabae | |
stem | vagrant | Aphididae | Aphis aurantii | ||
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Aphis gossypii |
Organ
the part of the plant that most conspicuously is hit by the parasiteall buds: both flower buds and leaf buds
flower: also inflorescence
leaf: also needle, phyllodium, petiole
leaf bud: also unfolding young leaf
fruit: also seed
root: also root stock, runners
root collar: also the lowest part of the stem
stem: also culm, the lower part of the peduncle, in grasses also leaf sheath
systemic: the entire above-ground plant.
PARASITIC MODE
borer: larva living internally, almost no outwards signsdown: 0.5-2 mm high fungal down
film: very thin cover of fungal tussue
gall: swelling and/or malformation
grazer: feeding at the outside of the plant
leaf spot discoloured, often ± necrotic, generally not galled, sign of a fungus infection
miner-borer: larve initially makes a mine, lives as a borer later
pustule: plug of fungal tissue, generally brown-black and < 2 mm
stripe: longitudinal line of fungal tissue in a grass leaf
vagrant: (aphids, mites) living freely on the plant, at higher densitiy causing malformations.
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IMPORTANT
The host plant spectre of a parasite is rarely known exhaustively; this applies in particular at the species level. It is advisable therefore to check at least also the list of all parasites of this genus.
Last modified 28.iv.2022