organ | parasitic mode | stage | note | taxonomic group | parasite |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
leaf | leaf spot | Sclerotiniaceae | Stromatinia gladioli | ||
stem | down | Nectriaceae | Fusarium oxysporum | ||
root | film | Ceratobasidiaceae | Rhizoctonia solani | ||
root | down | Typhulaceae | Sclerotium tuliparum | ||
systemic | film | Peronosporaceae | Phytophthora cactorum | ||
stem | down | Botrytis gladioli | |||
stem | down | Nectriaceae | Fusarium avenaceum | ||
stem | leaf spot | Didymellaceae | Ascochyta gladioli | ||
leaf | down | Peronosporaceae | Phytophthora porri | ||
systemic | down | Sclerotiniaceae | Botrytis cinerea | ||
leaf | down | Sclerotiniaceae | Botrytis gladiolorum | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Pleosporaceae | Curvularia trifolii | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Mycosphaerellaceae | Septoria gladioli | ||
fruit | vagrant | Lygaeidae | Spilostethus saxatilis | ||
leaf | vagrant | Curculionidae | Barynotus moerens | ||
leaf | vagrant | Pentatomidae | Dolycoris baccarum | ||
root | vagrant | Chrysomelidae | Aphthona semicyanea | ||
flower | hidden | Thripidae | Frankliniella intonsa | ||
leaf | hidden | main | Thripidae | Thrips simplex | |
root | borer | Syrphidae | Merodon bombiformis | ||
root | borer | doubtful | Syrphidae | Merodon loewi | |
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Aphis fabae | |
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Aphis fabae fabae | |
root | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Smynthurodes betae | |
systemic | borer | Anguinidae | Ditylenchus dipsaci | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Capnodiales | Cladosporium iridis | ||
leaf | miner | Agromyzidae | Liriomyza trifolii | ||
leaf | pustule | uredinia telia | Pucciniales | Uromyces transversalis | |
leaf | pustule | telia | Pucciniales | Puccinia gladioli | |
leaf | stripe | Urocystidales | Urocystis gladiolicola | ||
stem | gall | Rhizobiales | Agrobacterium tumefaciens | ||
root collar | gall | Actinomycetales | Rhodococcus fascians | ||
root | borer | Anguinidae | Ditylenchus destructor | ||
root | gall | Meloidogynidae | Meloidogyne hapla | ||
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Myzus ascalonicus | ||
root | vagrant | Aphididae | Rhopalosiphoninus latysiphon | ||
systemic | vagrant | Aphididae | Aphis newtoni | ||
root | vagrant | Aphididae | Dysaphis tulipae |
Organ
the part of the plant that most conspicuously is hit by the parasiteall buds: both flower buds and leaf buds
flower: also inflorescence
leaf: also needle, phyllodium, petiole
leaf bud: also unfolding young leaf
fruit: also seed
root: also root stock, runners
root collar: also the lowest part of the stem
stem: also culm, the lower part of the peduncle, in grasses also leaf sheath
systemic: the entire above-ground plant.
PARASITIC MODE
borer: larva living internally, almost no outwards signsdown: 0.5-2 mm high fungal down
film: very thin cover of fungal tussue
gall: swelling and/or malformation
grazer: feeding at the outside of the plant
leaf spot: discoloured, often ± necrotic, generally not galled, sign of a fungus infection
miner-borer: larve initially makes a mine, lives as a borer later
pustule: plug of fungal tissue, generally brown-black and < 2 mm
stripe: longitudinal line of fungal tissue in a grass leaf
vagrant: (aphids, mites) living freely on the plant, at higher densitiy causing malformations.
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IMPORTANT
The host plant spectre of a parasite is rarely known exhaustively; this applies in particular at the species level. It is advisable therefore to check at least also the list of all parasites of this genus.