1a larva with chitinised head; mine full depth, transparant, often extending from the leaf base: Orthochaetes insignis

1b larva maggot => 2

1c galls, etc => Tables for all parasites per species

2a mine ends or begins in the stem; larva: rear spiraculum on a common dark spot => 3

2b mine entirely in the leaf; rear spiraculum not on a common dark spot: Americina vittata

3a mine begins in the leaf, descending into the stem; larva: mandible with 1 tooth; rear spiraculum with 14 papillae: Chyliza vittata

3b mine begins in te stem, extending into the leaf; mandible with 2 teeth, rear spiraculum with 20 papillae: Delina nigrita