1a larva with chitinised head; pupation outside the mine => 2

1b larva a maggot; pupation either within or outside the mine => 3

1c galls, etc => Tables for all parasites per species

2a a large number of Elachistidae live on Brachypodium. The mines are not very diagnostic and the majority of the larvae is insufficiently described. It is not possible to key them out. The species concerned are: Elachista adscitella, albifrontella, anserinella, apicipunctella, argentella, bifasciella, bisulcella, chrysodesmella, cingillella, fasciola, gangabella, luticomella, maculicerusella, obliquella, pollinariella, stabilella, subalbidella, subocellea, unifasciella

3a larva: mandible with 1 tooth; at the start of ther mine (often within the leaf sheath!) at the outside an egg shell: Hydrellia griseola

3b mandible with 2 or more teeth; no egg shell visible => 4

4a larva: cephalic skeleton of Agromyzinae-type; pupation outside the mine * => 5

4b cephalic skeleton of Phytomyzinae-type; pupation within the mine => 8

5a larva: the rear spiracula separated by at least 2 x their diameter => 6

5b rear spiracula almost touching each other: Agromya albipennis

6a larva: mandibles with 2 teeth (because they alternate there may seem to be 4, when seen from the side!); ventrally, behind the mandibles, a field with backwards pointing spines => 7

6b mandibles with 4 teeth; no such field: Agromyza nigripes

7a larva: rear end of cut off at a right angle: Agromyza rondensis

7b rear end of cut off obliquely: Agromyza mobilis

8a species of mountain ranges and the high North: Chromatomyia norwegica

8b species from the European lowlands => 9

9a puparium metallic black, not connected to the outside world: Cerodontha pygmaea

9b puparium lighter in colour; the front spiracula penetrate the epidermis => 10

10a puparium orange brown: Chromatomyia nigra

10b puparium whitish: Chromatomyia milii