1a larva with chitinised head; mine inflated: Apatetris kinkerella

1b larva a maggot; mine flat, shallow => 2

1c galls, etc => Tables for all parasites per species

2a frass in rather widely dispersed grains; puparium orange brown; front spiracula penetrating the epidermis: Chromatomyia nigra

2b frass in greenish swaths; puparium metallic black; front spiracula not penetrating => 3

3a usually several larvae in the mine; puparia anchored in te mine wih a silken strand => 4

3b larva solitary; puparium free: Cerodontha superciliosa

4a larva: the black warts at the outside of the rear spiracula small, without a ‘root’: Cerodontha incisa

4b these warts large, with deep ‘roots’: Cerodontha pygmaea