1a fleck mine; larva in a transportable case: Coleophora lixella

1b gallery or blotch => 2

1c galls, etc => Tables for all parasites per species

2a larva with chitinised head => 3

2b larva a maggot => 4

3a larva squat, without thoracic feet: Hispa atra

3b larva slender, with thoracic feet. Of these Elachistidae the mines are not very diagnostic and the larvae are too badly known to enable the construction of a key: Elachista albifrontella, argentella, bedellella, canapennella, herrichi, pullicomella, subnigrella, unifasciella

4a larva: mandible with 1 tooth; at the start of the mine (often within a leaf sheath) at the outside an egg shell: Hydrellia griseola

4b mandible with 2 or more teeth; no egg shell visible => 5

5a puparium in the mine => 6

5b pupation outside the mine => 6

6a puparium orange brown; the front spiracula penetrate the epidermis: Chromatomyia nigra

6b puparium metallic black, without connection to the outside world: Cerodontha pygmaea

7a larva solitary; mine narrow, with distinct frass grains: Liriomyza flaveola

7b larvae communal; mine broad; frass grains ill-defined, greenish-deliquescent: Agromyza nigrella / A. mobilis *

119 – other causers

110a Fungi, Clavicipitaceae: Epichhloë typhina