Avenula oat-grass
Incl. Avenastrum, Avenochloa, Helictochloa, Helictotrichon.
(For a dichotomous table for galls on Avenula by Hans Roskam click here)Dichotomous table for leafminers
1a fleck mine; larva in a transportable case: Coleophora lixella
1b gallery or blotch => 2
1c galls, etc => Tables for all parasites per species
Dichotomous table for leafminers
1a fleck mine; larva in a transportable case: Coleophora lixella
1b gallery or blotch => 2
1c galls, etc => Tables for all parasites per species
2a larva with chitinised head => 3
2b larva a maggot => 4
3a larva squat, without thoracic feet: Hispa atra
3b larva slender, with thoracic feet. Of these Elachistidae the mines are not very diagnostic and the larvae are too badly known to enable the construction of a key: Elachista albifrontella, argentella, bedellella, canapennella, herrichi, pullicomella, subnigrella, unifasciella
4a larva: mandible with 1 tooth; at the start of the mine (often within a leaf sheath) at the outside an egg shell: Hydrellia griseola
4b mandible with 2 or more teeth; no egg shell visible => 5
5a puparium in the mine => 6
5b pupation outside the mine => 6
6a puparium orange brown; the front spiracula penetrate the epidermis: Chromatomyia nigra
6b puparium metallic black, without connection to the outside world: Cerodontha pygmaea
7a larva solitary; mine narrow, with distinct frass grains: Liriomyza flaveola
7b larvae communal; mine broad; frass grains ill-defined, greenish-deliquescent: Agromyza nigrella / A. mobilis *
119 – other causers
110a Fungi, Clavicipitaceae: Epichhloƫ typhina
* See also the key to grass-inhabiting Agromyza larvae.
Not included in the key: Agromyza nigrociliata; Chromatomyia fuscula.