Holcus yorkshire fog, creeping soft-grass
Dichotomous table for leafminers
1b corridor or blotch => 2
1a fleck mine, larva mines from a transportable case => 17
1c galls, etc => Tables for all parasites per species
2a larva with feet and chitinised head; pupation outside the mine (Elachistidae) => 3
2b larva a maggot; pupation within or outside the mine => 4
3a the mines of the following species are hardly diagnostic and the larve in many cases are insufficiently described; a key cannot be made: Elachista albifrontella, apicipunctella, argentella, bifasciella, canapennella, chrysodesmella, diederichsiella, dimicatella, freyerella, hedemanni, herrichii, humilis, maculicerusella, nobilella, pullicomella, rufocinerea, subnigrella, subocellea, unifasciella
4a larva: mandible with 1 tooth; at the start of the mine (often in a leaf sheath) at the outside an egg shell: Hydrellia griseola
4b mandible with 2 or more teeth; no egg shell visible => 5
5a larva: cephsalic skeleton of Agromyzinae-type; pupation outside the mine => 6 *
5b kcephsalic skeleton of Phytomyzinae-type; pupation within or outside the mine => 7
6a larva: ventrally, behind the mandibles a field with spinulose warts; mandible with 2 teeth: Agromyza mobilis & A. nigrella
6b no such field; mandible with 4 teeth: Agromyza nigripes
7a mine partly or wholly within a leaf sheath: Cerodontha denticornis
7b mine entire in the blade => 8
8a puparium in the mine => 9
8b pupation outside the mine => 14
9a puparium: spiracula penetrate the epidermis => 10
9b puparium not connected with the world outside => 13
10a larva and puparium with strongly enlarged, fang-shaped, rear spiracula that anchor in the leaf tissue: Chromatomyia milii
10b rear spiracula normal => 11
11a puparium shining black; rear spiracula penetrate: Cerodontha muscina
11b puparium orange brown; front spiracula penetrate => 12
12a puparium monochromous; front spiracula indistinctly bifid: Chromatomyia nigra
12b puparium ventrally with a darkened length band; front spiracula fist-shaped: Chromatomyia fuscula
13a larva: the black warts at the outside of the rear spiracula small, without a ‘root’: Cerodontha incisa
13b these warts large, with a deep ‘root’: Cerodontha pygmaea
14a larva and puparium with transverse row of long, spine-like papillae: Pseudonapomyza atra
14b larva and puparium without long spines => 15
15a larva: rear spiraculum with 3 papillae: Liriomyza flaveola
15b rear spiraculum with 6 papillae: Liriomyza phryne
15c rear spiraculum with ≥ 10 papillae => 16
16a larva: above the mandibles a band of fine hairs; both mandibles with 2 teeth: Cerodontha flavocingulata
16b above the mandibles a band of fine warts; one mandible with 1, the other with 3 teeth: Metopomyza flavonotata
17a just behind the mouth the case is somewhat narrowed and clearly bent: Coleophora lixella
17b not so: Coleophora ornatipennella
* See also the key to grass-inhabiting Agromyza-larvae.