Avena oat
(For a dichotomous table for galls on Avena by Hans Roskam click here)Dichotomous table for leafminers
Dichotomous table for leafminers
2a no longer applies
2b case brown, trivalved, on cultivated Oat: Coleophora ciconiella
3a larva with feet and chitinised head (Elachistidae) => 4
3b larva a maggot => 7
4a larva grey-green Elachista bedellella & E. pullicomella
4b larva dirty white – yellowish => 5
5a larva: head pale brown: Elachista griseella, E. pomerana & E. subnigrella
5b head dark brown to black => 6
6a mine strongly inflated; larva: pronotum with a pair of small spots: Elachista albifrontella
6b mine almost flat; pronotum marked more strongly: Elachista stabilella
7a at the start of the mine (not infrequently within the leaf sheath) at the outside an egg shell; larva: mandible with 1 tooth: Hydrellia griseola
7b no egg shell visible; mandible with ≥ 2 teeth => 8
8a larva: cephalic skeleton of Agromyzinae-type; pupation usually outside the mine * => 9
8b cephalic skeleton of Phytomyzinae-type; pupation within or outside the mine => 12
9a larva: bands of spines over the segments unusually wide; abdomen segment 8 dorsally spinulose over its entire width: Agromyza nigrociliata
9b band of spines normal in width; segment 8 dorsally spinulose only anteriorly and posteriorly => 10
10a rear end of larva cut off obliquely; larvae often communal; mine greenish: Agromyza nigrella
10b rear end cut off at right angle; larvae usually solitary; mine whitish => 11
11a larva: mandible with 2 teeth: Agromyza rondensis
11b mandible with 3 teeth: Agromyza ambigua
12a pupation outside the mine => 13
12b puparium within the mine => 14
13a larva and puparium with a transverse row of long, spine-like papillae on each segment: Pseudonapomyza atra
13b no such spines: Liriomyza flaveola
14a front spiracula of the puparium penetrating the epidermis => 15
14b puparium not in connection with the outside world => 17
15a puparium: rear spiracula fang-shaped, anchoring the puparium in the leaf parenchyma: Chromatomyia milii
15b rear spiracula normal => 16
16a puparium uniformly orange brown; front spiraculum indistinctly bifid: Chromatomyia nigra
16b puparium yellow ro ornage-brown, with a dark ventral length band; front spiraculum fist-shaped: Chromatomyia fuscula
17a larva: rear spiraculum with 11-16 papillae; puparium in the leaf sheath: Cerodontha denticornis
17b rear spiraculum with 6 papillae at most; puparium in the leaf blade => 18
18a 2-4 larva in a mine; puparia anchored in the mine by a silken thread => 19
18b larva solitary; puparium loose in the mine: Cerodontha superciliosa
19a larva: the black warts at the outside of the rear spiracula small, without a “root”: Cerodontha incisa
19b these warts large, with a deep “root”: Cerodontha pygmaea
* See also the key to the grass-inhabiting Agromyza larvae.
Not included in the key: Chromatomyia horticola; Coleophora ornatipennella; Liriomyza orbona, Liriomyza trifolii; Ochsenheimeria taurella; Pseudonapomyza atratula (inadequately described).