Apera silky-bent
(For a dichotomous table for galls on Apera by Hans Roskam click here)Dichotomous table for leafminers
1a larva: mandible with 1 tooth; at the start of the mine (often within a leaf sheath!) at the outside an egg shell: Hydrellia griseola
1b mandible with 2 teeth; nog egg shell visible (Agromyzidae) => 2
1c galls, etc => Tables for all parasites per species
Dichotomous table for leafminers
1a larva: mandible with 1 tooth; at the start of the mine (often within a leaf sheath!) at the outside an egg shell: Hydrellia griseola
1b mandible with 2 teeth; nog egg shell visible (Agromyzidae) => 2
1c galls, etc => Tables for all parasites per species
2a larva: cephalic skeleton of Agromyzidae-type; pupation outside the mine: Agromyza nigrociliata **
2b cephalic skeleton of Phytomyzinae-type; pupation either within or outside the mine => 3
3a pupation outside the mine => 4
3b puparium within the mine => 5
4a larva: rear spiraculum with 7-8 papillae; larva and puparium bear on each segment a transverse row of long papillae, as long as the width of the segment: Pseudonapomyza atra
4b rear spiraculum with 3 papillae; larva and puparium without such long spines: Liriomyza flaveola
5a puparium: front spiracula penetrate the epidermis: Chromatomyia nigra
5b puparium not connected to the outside world => 6
9a puparium glued with some frass inside the mine => 10
9b puparium not fixed with frass, but anchored with a few threads of secreted material: Cerodontha pygmaea
10a puparium: rear spiracula, seen from above, form a V: Cerodontha lateralis
10b rear spiracula, seen from above, form a U: Cerodontha superciliosa
** See also the key to grass-inhabiting Agromyza larvae.