organ | parasitic mode | stage | note | taxonomic group | parasite |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
stem | scale | Coccidae | Scythia craniumequinum | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Glomerellaceae | Colletotrichum graminicola | ||
leaf | leaf spot | Didymellaceae | Ascochyta stipae-pennatae | ||
leaf | scale | Coccidae | Scythia festuceti | ||
predator | Pteromalidae | Homoporus pulchripes | |||
predator | Pteromalidae | Homoporus sashegyensis | |||
seeds | vagrant | Lygaeidae | Bianchiella sarmatica | ||
predator | Eupelmidae | Eupelmus urozonus | |||
predator | Eupelmidae | Eupelmus falcatus | |||
flower | gall | Eurytomidae | Tetramesa stipae | ||
predator | Nabidae | Nabis capsiformis | |||
leaf | vagrant | Miridae | Amblytylus concolor | ||
leaf | vagrant | Cicadellidae | Sardius argus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Cicadellidae | Psammotettix provincialis | ||
leaf | pustule | uredinia telia | Pucciniales | Puccinia thymi | |
leaf | pustule | uredinia telia | Pucciniales | Puccinia stipae | |
root | vagrant | Cerambycidae | Iberodorcadion ferdinandi | ||
root | vagrant | Cerambycidae | Iberodorcadion mucidum | ||
root | vagrant | Cerambycidae | Iberodorcadion uhagonii | ||
root | vagrant | Cerambycidae | Iberodorcadion suturale | ||
root | vagrant | Cerambycidae | Iberodorcadion molitor | ||
leaf | vagrant | Erebidae | Sagarriella romei | ||
leaf | vagrant | Nymphalidae | Coenonympha pamphilus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Nymphalidae | Satyrus actaea | ||
leaf | vagrant | Nymphalidae | Hyponephele lupina | ||
leaf | vagrant | Nymphalidae | Melanargia russiae | ||
leaf | vagrant | Nymphalidae | Hipparchia statilinus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Tingidae | Tingis pilosa | ||
leaf | vagrant | Tingidae | Agramma minutum | ||
stem | borer | Buprestidae | Cylindromorphus filum | ||
leaf | vagrant | doubtful | Cicadellidae | Dorycephalus baeri | |
leaf | vagrant | Cicadellidae | Dudanus pallidus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Cicadellidae | Henschia acuta | ||
leaf | vagrant | Cicadellidae | Enantiocephalus cornutus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Delphacidae | Metropis aris | ||
leaf | vagrant | Cicadellidae | Doratura impudica | ||
leaf | vagrant | doubtful | Delphacidae | Jassidaeus lugubris | |
leaf | vagrant | Cicadellidae | Praganus hofferi | ||
leaf | vagrant | Cicadellidae | Henschia quadricornis | ||
leaf | vagrant | Cicadellidae | Arocephalus languidus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Tropiduchidae | Trypetimorpha occidentalis | ||
leaf | vagrant | Thripidae | Limothrips angulicornis | ||
unknown | unknown | Thripidae | Prosopothrips vejdovskyi | ||
stem | borer | Chloropidae | Calamoncosis laminiformis | ||
leaf | scale | Eriococcidae | Acanthococcus insignis | ||
root | scale | Eriococcidae | Acanthococcus cingulatus | ||
leaf | scale | Coccidae | Eriopeltis festucae | ||
leaf | scale | Eriococcidae | Acanthococcus greeni | ||
root | vagrant | Pyralidae | Polyochodes stipella | ||
leaf | vagrant | Eriophyidae | Aceria stipaespinulata | ||
leaf | vagrant | Eriophyidae | Aceria stipacea | ||
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Sitobion avenae | ||
root | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Paracletus cimiciformis | |
fruit | gall | Hypocreales | Claviceps purpurea | ||
flower | gall | Eurytomidae | Tetramesa cylindrica | ||
flower | gall | Eurytomidae | Tetramesa scheppigi | ||
flower | gall | Eurytomidae | Tetramesa stipae | ||
leaf | miner>borer | Ochsenheimeriidae | Ochsenheimeria capella | ||
leaf | down | Erysiphales Erysiphaceae | Blumeria graminis | ||
leaf | film | Ustilaginales | Tranzscheliella hypodytes | ||
leaf | film | Ustilaginales | Tranzscheliella williamsii | ||
leaf | gall | Tarsonemidae | Steneotarsonemus canestrinii | ||
leaf | gall | Tarsonemidae | Steneotarsonemus graminis | ||
leaf | miner | Elachistidae | Elachista galactitella | ||
leaf | miner | Elachistidae | Elachista hedemanni | ||
leaf | miner | Elachistidae | Elachista heringi | ||
leaf | pustule | uredinia telia | Pucciniales | Puccinia coronata | |
leaf | pustule | uredinia telia | Pucciniales | Puccinia graminis | |
leaf | pustule | telia | Pucciniales | Puccinia wolgensis | |
leaf | stripe | Urocystidales | Urocystis corsica | ||
stem | borer | Gelechiidae | Ephysteris promptella | ||
stem | film | Ustilaginales | Tranzscheliella minima | ||
stem | gall | Eurytomidae | Tetramesa aciculata | ||
stem | unknown | Eurytomidae | Tetramesa dispar | ||
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Chaetosiphella stipae | ||
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Chaetosiphella stipae setosa | ||
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Chaetosiphella tshernavini | ||
leaf | vagrant | Eriococcidae | Greenisca brachypodii | ||
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Sipha maydis | ||
leaf | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Sitobion fragariae |
Organ
the part of the plant that most conspicuously is hit by the parasiteall buds: both flower buds and leaf buds
flower: also inflorescence
leaf: also needle, phyllodium, petiole
leaf bud: also unfolding young leaf
fruit: also seed
root: also root stock, runners
root collar: also the lowest part of the stem
stem: also culm, the lower part of the peduncle, in grasses also leaf sheath
systemic: the entire above-ground plant.
PARASITIC MODE
borer: larva living internally, almost no outwards signsdown: 0.5-2 mm high fungal down
film: very thin cover of fungal tussue
gall: swelling and/or malformation
grazer: feeding at the outside of the plant
leaf spot: discoloured, often ± necrotic, generally not galled, sign of a fungus infection
miner-borer: larve initially makes a mine, lives as a borer later
pustule: plug of fungal tissue, generally brown-black and < 2 mm
stripe: longitudinal line of fungal tissue in a grass leaf
vagrant: (aphids, mites) living freely on the plant, at higher densitiy causing malformations.
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IMPORTANT
The host plant spectre of a parasite is rarely known exhaustively; this applies in particular at the species level. It is advisable therefore to check at least also the list of all parasites of this genus.