1a fleck mine => 2

1b small gallery => 4

1c larva makes a mine in the top part of a needle; a hole (closed with silk) is made about a cm below the tip, from there the larva works upwards; after hibernation the larva lives free: Exoteleia dodecella

1d galls, etc => Tables for all parasites per species

2a larva mines from a case: Coleophora laricella

2b larva mines from between a few, more or loosely spun needles => 3

3a larva: light brown, with a little darker brown pinacula: Spilonota laricana

3b greenish with brownish black pinacula: Archips oporana

4a associated with an egg in the shape of a fruitcake: Coleophora laricella

4b egg, if at all visible, flat, scale-like; normally no leaf miners: Aphelia viburnana & Argyrotaenia ljungiana