Picea spruce
(For a dichotomous table for galls on Picea by Hans Roskam click here)Dichotomous table for leafminers
1a needles are mined from their base, from a silken tube attached to the branch => 2
1b no silken tube => 8
1c galls, etc => Tables for all parasites per species
Dichotomous table for leafminers
1a needles are mined from their base, from a silken tube attached to the branch => 2
1b no silken tube => 8
1c galls, etc => Tables for all parasites per species
2a larva green => 3
2b larva brownish => 4
3a mine in spring: Epinotia nanana
3b mine in autumn: Epinotia tedella
4a mine without frass: Coleotechnites piceaella
4b mined needles contain frass grains => 5
5a mine in the previous year’s needles; larvae remain in the mine till shortly before pupation => 6
5b mine in the fresh needles; older larvae do not mine any more => 7
6a larva in May-June; in front of the anus a row of spines: Chionodes electella
6b larva in September-May; no such row of spines; mine in the basal part of the needle: Batrachedra pinicolella
7a larva: upper lip white: Dichelia histrionana
7b upper lip dark: Pseudohermenias abietana
8a fleck mine: Archips oporana
8b not so => 9
9a the larve mines a single leaf (then bites it off, and uses it as a case): Nemophora associatella
9b the larva mines several leaves => 10
10a mine does not contain frass; larva orange-brown: Coleotechnites piceaella
10b in the top or base of the mine frass is present; larva greenish => 11
11a larva: head and pronotum dark brown => 12
11b head and pronotum light brown => 13
12a mining larvae in spring: Epinotia pygmaeana
12b larvae in June-July: Epinotia subsequana
13a older larva bores into the twig: Zeiraphera ratzeburgiana
13b older larva between spun needles: Cymolomia hartigiana
Not included in the key: Aphelia viburniana; Argyrotaenia ljungiana; Blastobasis vittata; Exoteleia dodecella; Spilonota laricana.