organ | parasitic mode | stage | note | taxonomic group | parasite |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Clepsis senecionana | ||
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Aphelia paleana | ||
leaf | vagrant | Tenthredinidae | Pristiphora subarctica | ||
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Syndemis musculana | ||
leaf | vagrant | Tenthredinidae | Pristiphora leucopodia | ||
leaf | vagrant | Tenthredinidae | Pristiphora nigriceps | ||
leaf | vagrant | Tenthredinidae | Pristiphora amphibola | ||
leaf | vagrant | Tenthredinidae | Pristiphora nigella | ||
leaf | vagrant | Tenthredinidae | Pristiphora parva | ||
leaf | vagrant | Tenthredinidae | Pristiphora pallida | ||
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Archips podana | ||
leaf | miner | younger larva | Tortricidae | Archips oporana | |
leaf | hidden | older larva | Tortricidae | Archips oporana | |
leaf | vagrant | Tenthredinidae | Pristiphora abietina | ||
leaf | vagrant | Tenthredinidae | Pristiphora compressa | ||
leaf | vagrant | Tenthredinidae | Pristiphora decipiens | ||
leaf | vagrant | Tenthredinidae | Pristiphora gerula | ||
leaf | vagrant | Tenthredinidae | Pristiphora pseudodecipiens | ||
leaf | vagrant | Tenthredinidae | Pristiphora robusta | ||
leaf | vagrant | Tenthredinidae | Pristiphora saxesenii | ||
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Pandemis cinnamomeana | ||
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Philedonides lunana | ||
leaf | hidden | rarely | Tortricidae | Philedone gerningana | |
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Lozotaenia forsterana | ||
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Ptycholoma lecheana | ||
stem | gall | Hypocreales | Neonectria fuckeliana | ||
flower | borer | Tortricidae | Cydia strobilella | ||
stem | hidden | Tortricidae | Cydia cosmophorana | ||
flower | borer | Tortricidae | Cydia illutana | ||
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Acleris abietana | ||
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Cacoecimorpha pronubana | ||
leaf | hidden | Tortricidae | Argyrotaenia ljungiana | ||
leaf bud | gall | Phytoptidae | Trisetacus piceae | ||
leaf | vagrant | Phytoptidae | Nalepella breweriana | ||
leaf bud | vagrant | Phytoptidae | Trisetacus relocatus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Eriophyidae | Phyllocoptes piceae | ||
leaf | vagrant | Phytoptidae | Nalepella shevtchenkoi | ||
leaf | vagrant | Eriophyidae | Calepitrimerus lutocinus | ||
inquiline | Tortricidae | Pammene ochsenheimeriana | |||
leaf bud | borer | larva | Curculionidae | Anthonomus pinivorax | |
stem | borer | doubtful | Sesiidae | Synanthedon cephiformis | |
stem | borer | Yponomeutidae | Argyresthia amiantella | ||
stem | scale | Coccidae | Physokermes inopinatus | ||
stem | vagrant | doubtful | Aphididae | Cinara pinea | |
stem | borer | Yponomeutidae | Argyresthia svenssoni | ||
leaf bud | borer | Yponomeutidae | Argyresthia bergiella | ||
leaf | scale | Diaspididae | Dynaspidiotus abietis | ||
leaf | scale | Diaspididae | Aspidiotus nerii | ||
leaf | vagrant | Tortricidae | Ditula angustiorana | ||
stem | borer | Tortricidae | Cydia duplicana | ||
stem | vagrant | Coccidae | Physokermes hemicryphus | ||
fruit | borer | Anthomyiidae | Strobilomyia anthracina | ||
fruit | gall | Cecidomyiidae | Plemeliella abietina | ||
flower | borer | Cecidomyiidae | Camptomyia strobi | ||
flower | gall | Cecidomyiidae | Resseliella ingrica | ||
flower | gall | Cecidomyiidae | Kaltenbachiola strobi | ||
flower | pustule | aecia | Pucciniales | Pucciniastrum areolatum | |
flower | pustule | aecia | Pucciniales | Chrysomyxa monesis | |
flower | pustule | aecia | Pucciniales | Chrysomyxa pyrolae | |
leaf bud | gall | spring generation | Adelgidae | Sacchiphantes viridis | |
leaf bud | gall | Adelgidae | Sacchiphantes abietis | ||
leaf bud | gall | spring generation | Adelgidae | Aphrastasia pectinatae | |
leaf bud | gall | spring generation | Adelgidae | Adelges laricis | |
leaf bud | gall | spring generation | Adelgidae | Adelges tardoides | |
leaf bud | gall | spring generation | Adelgidae | Pineus cembrae | |
leaf bud | gall | spring generation | Adelgidae | Pineus orientalis | |
leaf bud | gall | Adelgidae | Adelges lapponicus | ||
leaf bud | gall | Adelgidae | Adelges tardus | ||
leaf bud | gall | spring generation | Aphididae | Dreyfusia merkeri | |
leaf bud | gall | spring generation | Aphididae | Dreyfusia nordmannianae | |
leaf bud | gall | spring generation | Aphididae | Dreyfusia prelli | |
leaf bud | gall | spring generation | Aphididae | Gilletteella cooleyi | |
leaf bud | gall | Cecidomyiidae | Piceacecis abietiperda | ||
leaf | gall | aecia | Pucciniales | Chrysomyxa woronini | |
leaf | miner | main | Batrachedridae | Batrachedra pinicolella | |
leaf | miner | doubtful | Blastobasidae | Blastobasis vittata | |
leaf | miner | Gelechiidae | Chionodes electella | ||
leaf | miner | Gelechiidae | Coleotechnites piceaella | ||
leaf | miner | doubtful | Tortricidae | Spilonota laricana | |
leaf | miner | Tortricidae | Zeiraphera ratzeburgiana | ||
leaf | miner | Tortricidae | Cymolomia hartigiana | ||
leaf | miner | main | Tortricidae | Dichelia histrionana | |
leaf | miner | Tortricidae | Epinotia nanana | ||
leaf | miner | Tortricidae | Epinotia pygmaeana | ||
leaf | miner | Tortricidae | Epinotia subsequana | ||
leaf | miner | Tortricidae | Epinotia tedella | ||
leaf | miner | Tortricidae | Pseudohermenias abietana | ||
leaf | pustule | aecia | Pucciniales | Pucciniastrum sparsum | |
leaf | pustule | aecia | Pucciniales | Chrysomyxa empetri | |
leaf | pustule | aecia | Pucciniales | Chrysomyxa ledi | |
leaf | pustule | aecia | Pucciniales | Chrysomyxa rhododendri | |
leaf | pustule | telia | Pucciniales | Chrysomyxa abietis | |
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Mindarus obliquus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Eriophyidae | Keiferella piceae | ||
leaf | vagrant | Phytoptidae | Nalepella haarlovi | ||
stem | borer | Cecidomyiidae | Cecidomyia magna | ||
stem | borer | Cecidomyiidae | Cecidomyia pini | ||
stem | gall | Santalaceae | Viscum album | ||
stem | miner | Tortricidae | Cydia pactolana | ||
stem | vagrant | Adelgidae | Pineus pineoides | ||
stem | vagrant | Aphididae | Cinara costata | ||
stem | vagrant | Aphididae | Cinara pruinosa | ||
stem | vagrant | Aphididae | Cinara piceicola | ||
stem | vagrant | Aphididae | Cinara piceae | ||
stem | vagrant | Aphididae | Cinara pilicornis | ||
stem | vagrant | Aphididae | Elatobium abietinum | ||
root | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Pachypappa populi | |
root | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Pachypappa tremulae | |
root | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Pachypappa vesicalis | |
root | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Pachypappella lactea | |
root | vagrant | summer generation | Aphididae | Prociphilus xylostei | |
predator | Cecidomyiidae | Aphidoletes abietis | |||
predator | Cecidomyiidae | Lestodiplosis coni | |||
predator | Cecidomyiidae | Lestodiplosis holstei | |||
stem | vagrant | Coccidae | Physokermes hemicryphus | ||
leaf | vagrant | Aphididae | Aulacorthum circumflexum | ||
leaf | scale | Aphididae | Aulacorthum solani | ||
stem | scale | Coccidae | Physokermes piceae | ||
leaf | scale | Pseudococcidae | Phenacoccus piceae |
Organ
the part of the plant that most conspicuously is hit by the parasiteall buds: both flower buds and leaf buds
flower: also inflorescence
leaf: also needle, phyllodium, petiole
leaf bud: also unfolding young leaf
fruit: also seed
root: also root stock, runners
root collar: also the lowest part of the stem
stem: also culm, the lower part of the peduncle, in grasses also leaf sheath
systemic: the entire above-ground plant.
PARASITIC MODE
borer: larva living internally, almost no outwards signsdown: 0.5-2 mm high fungal down
film: very thin cover of fungal tussue
gall: swelling and/or malformation
grazer: feeding at the outside of the plant
leaf spot discoloured, often ± necrotic, generally not galled, sign of a fungus infection
miner-borer: larve initially makes a mine, lives as a borer later
pustule: plug of fungal tissue, generally brown-black and < 2 mm
stripe: longitudinal line of fungal tissue in a grass leaf
vagrant: (aphids, mites) living freely on the plant, at higher densitiy causing malformations.
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IMPORTANT
The host plant spectre of a parasite is rarely known exhaustively; this applies in particular at the species level. It is advisable therefore to check at least also the list of all parasites of this genus.
mod 4.xii.2019