1a mine small, of indefinite shape, full depth; larvae with feet and chitinised head; older larvae live free among spun leaves => 2

1b upper- or lower-surface corridor of some cm length; larvae, maggots, mine all their life => 3

1c galls, etc. => Tables for all parasites per species

2a larva: pinacula colourless (the bases of the setae themselves are black) : Cnephasia incertana

2b pinacula black: Cnephasia asseclana

2a corridor pinnately branched, main and side branches on top of midrib and side veins; pupation outside the mine: Liriomyza strigata

2b corridor little, irregularly, branched; pupation within the mine, in a, generally lower-surface, pupal chamber: Chromatomyia cf syngenesiae