Alnus glutinosa, Cadzand © Arnold Grosscurt

Alnus glutinosa, Dronten: underside of the leaf; © Arnold Grosscurt

hostplants

Betulaceae, monophagous

Alnus glutinosa, incana.

synonym

Acaphylla, Epitrimerus, trinotus.

notes

These symptoms can be caused by several species of gall midges that, possibly only facultatively, and maybe only in combination with others induce gall formation. See also Epitrimerus longitarsus, Tegonotus heptacanthus and T. trouessarti.

references

Buhr (1964b), Houard (1908a), Jočić & Petanović (2012a), Máca (2012a), Ripka (2007a), Roivainen (1951a, 1953a), Roskam (2009a), Skoracka, Lewandowski & Boczek (2005a), Tomasi (2014a), Vaněčková-Skuhravá (1996a).