Ceratapion penetrans (Germar, 1917)
on Centaurea, etc.
gall
de larvae tunnel in the root crown; there also is the pupation.
host plants
Asteraceae, oligophagous
Arctium lappa; Carduus acanthoides; Carlina vulgaris; Carthamus tinctorius; Centaurea decipiens, diffusa, jacea, nigra, pectinata, phrygia subsp. salicifolia, pseudomaculosa, scabiosa, stoebe; Cirsium arvense; Cyanus segetum.
distribution within Europe
notes
There has been a supposition that the larvae would live in the receptacle; this has not been substantiated.
references
Balciunas & Korotyaev (2007a), Buhr (1964a), Delbol (2013a), Dieckmann (1977a), Ehret (1989a, 1990a), Podlussány (1986a), Rheinheimer & Hassler (2010a), Wanat (1998a). Yunakov, Nazarenko, Filimonov & Volovnik (2018a).