Cionus hortulanus (Fourcroy, 1785)
on Scrophularia, etc.
parasite
The larvae, resembling tiny slugs, free on the fruits and buds. Pupation in a cocoon, made out of secretion, among to the old inflorescence.
host plants
Scrophulariaceae, oligophagous
Buddleja davidii; Limosella aquatica; Scrophularia alpestris, auriculata, nodosa, umbrosa; Verbascum chaixii subsp. austriacum, lychnitis, nigrum, phlomoides, phoeniceum, pulverulentum, thapsus.
phenology
Univoltine; hibernation as imago.
distribution within Europe
references
Balalaikins (2011b), Balalaikins, Tamutis & Ferenca (2010a), Baviera & Caldara (2020a), Colonnelli, Osella & Cornacchia (2011a), Compte (1981a), Delbol (2013a), Heijerman & Alders (2001b), Košťál & Caldara (2019a), Lechapt (2015a), Menet (2012a), Özgen, Arzanov & Şaban Tanyıldızı (2016a), Pedroni, dal Cortivo & Gatti (2017a), Podlussány (2007a), Räther (1989a), Rheinheimer & Hassler (2010a), Sanz Benito, García-Ocejo Izquierdo & de los Mozos Pascua (1996a), Yunakov, Nazarenko, Filimonov & Volovnik (2018a).