Cionus scrophulariae (Linnaeus, 1758)
on Scrophularia, etc.
parasite
Oviposition in a leaf bud. The yellowish brown, slug-like larvae for a short while live inside a bud, later they live freely, feeding on buds and to a lesser extent also leaves. Pupatipn in a cocoon in the old inflorescence.
host plants
Scrophulariaceae, oligophagous
Buddleja davidii; Limosella aquatica; Scrophularia auriculata subsp. lyrata, canina, nodosa, scorodonia, scopolii, umbrosa; Verbascum lychnitis, phlomoides, thapsus.
phenology
Univoltine; hibernation as imago.
distribution within Europe
larva
See Grandi.
references
Baviera & Caldara (2020a), Delbol (2013a), Dieckmann (1962a), Grandi (1938b), Hering (1962a), Košťál & Caldara (2019a), Pérez-Bote, López, Valtueña, ao (2013a), Räther (1989a), Rheinheimer & Hassler (2010a), Scherf (1964a), Yunakov, Nazarenko, Filimonov & Volovnik (2018a).