Salix cinerea, Belgium, prov. Liège, Flémalle-Haute © Jean-Yves Baugnée

Betula pubescens, Duin en Kruidberg

Betula pendula, Wolfheze

mine

Generally small, upper-surface, pear-shaped mines, half of their surface stuffed with frass. In the frass-free part an oval, flattened larva. The larva hibernates in the fallen leaf, pupates in the mine. Often several mines in a leaf. The weevils eat, prior to oviposition, a large number of tiny holes in the leaves (maturation feeding; Kleine, 1924-25a).

host plants

Narrowly polyphagous

Betula nana, pendula, pubescens; Myrica gale; Populus alba, nigra, tremula; Salix alba, aurita, babylonica, caprea, cinerea, daphnoides, x fragilis, hastata, pentandra, purpurea, repens, triandra, viminalis.

phenology

Larvae in August-October; rather common, but not very conspicuous.

BENELUX

BE recorded (Curculionidae.be, 2010).

NE recorded (Heijerman, 1993a).

LUX recorded (Ellis, Kautenbach).

distribution within Europe

From Ireland to Italy and Greece and from Poland to France (Fauna Europaea, 2007).

larva

notes

As the pictures show, these mines are not surrounded by a green island when in yellowing leaves.

Sometimes the mines are considerably larger in proportion to the size of the larva. Hering (1957a) seems to assume that this is a normal continuation of the development. However, frequently several mines co-occur in one leaf, and this should result now and then in completely mined-out leaves. Such leaves have never been encountered.

references

Ahr (1966a), Bachmaier (1965a), Buhr (1933a, 1964a), Caillol (1954a), Colonnelli, Osella & Cornacchia (2011a), van Frankenhuyzen & Houtman (1972a), van Frankenhuyzen Houtman & Kabos (1982a), Haase (1942a), Hering (1927b, 1930a, 1957a), Kleine (1924a/1925a), Kozlov, van Nieukerken, Zverev & Zvereva (2013a), Maček (1999a), Morris (1982a), Nowakowski (1954a), Rheinheimer & Hassler (2010a), Robbins (1991a), Skala & Zavřel (1945a), Sønderup (1949a), Tempère (1982a), Viramo (1962a), Vorst (2010a), Zoerner (1969a, 1970a).