Larinus planus (Fabricius 1792).
canada thistle bud weevil
on thistles
gall
one or more weevil larvae live in the receptacle, feeding on callus tissue that is induced by their activities; according to Redfern & Shirley the receptacle also sclerifies. Pupation in the receptacle.
The infection can be distinguished externally from the galls of Urophora solstitialis or terebrans because the eggs are deposited externally, at the base of the involucral bracts, and covered with brown drop of drying secretion.
host plants
Asteraceae, narrowly oligophagous.
Carduus acanthoides, crispus, pycnocephalus, tenuiflorus; Carlina vulgaris; Centaurea jacea, scabiosa, solstitialis; Cirsium arvense, dissectum, oleraceum, palustre, rivulare, vulgare; Serratula.
synonyms
Larinus carlinae (Olivier, 1807)..
notes
See also Rhinocyllus conicus.
references
Balalaikins & Bukejs (2011a), Buhr (1964a), Compte (1981a), Dauphin & Aniotsbehere (1997a), Delbol (2012b), Dieckmann (1983a), Douglas, Bouchard, Anderson ao (2013a), Gosik & Rozwałka (2011a), Gültekin (2004a), Heijerman (2007b), Hoebeke & Griffin (2015a), Hoebeke & Spichiger (2016a), Houard (1909a), Morris (1982a), Redfern & Shirley (2011a), Rheinheimer & Hassler (2010a), Roskam (2009a, 2019a), Tomasi (2014a), Yunakov, Nazarenko, Filimonov & Volovnik (2018a).