Lixus filiformis (Fabricius, 1781)
on Carduus, Cirsium, Silybum
parasite
Four to seven eggs are deposited in the wall of the stem; the opening is closed with a wad of chewed plant material. The larvae hollow the stem, ultimately pupate in the stem, in the region of the root collar.
host plants
Asteraceae-Carduinae, narrowly oligophagous
Carduus acanthoides, crispus, nutans, pycnocephalus, uncinatus; Cirsium arvense, eriophorum, vulgare; Cousinia; Silybum marianum.
The reference to Heracleum sphondylium by Tomasi is incorrect.
phenology
Univoltine; the beetle hibernate, still in the stem.
distribution within Europe
synonyms
Lixus elongatus (Goeze, 1777) (nec Curculio elongatus Fabricius 1775).
references
Colonnelli, Osella & Cornacchia (2011a), Compte (1981a), Dieckmann (1983a), Gültekin (2004a, 2007a), Lorenz (1997a), Nikulina & Gültekin (2011a), Rheinheimer & Hassler (2010a), Stejskal & Trnka (2013a), Tomasi (2014a), Yunakov, Nazarenko, Filimonov & Volovnik (2018a).