Ajuga reptans, Amstelveen, JP Thijssepark: frass pattern in the initial corridor

mine

The mine begins with a long, upper-surface, slender corridor. After a moult the larva changes its behaviour, and makes a large, upper-surface primary blotch without apparent feeding lines. Often the blotch overruns more or less of the initial corridor. Frass in the corridor liquified to form a wide green band, with a few tiny black granules along the sides. Pupation outside the mine.

host plants

Lamiaceae, broadly oligophagous

Ajuga genevensis, reptans; Ballota nigra; Galeopsis pubescens, speciosa, tetrahit; Glechoma hederacea; Lallemantia; Lamium album, amplexicaule, galeobdolon, maculatum purpureum; Leonurus cardiaca; Lycopus europaeus; Marrubium vulgare; Melissa officinalis; Melittis melissophyllum; Mentha; Prunella vulgaris; Scutellaria altissima, galericulata; Stachys alpina, germanica, officinalis, palustris, recta, sylvatica; Teucrium chamaedrys, scorodonia.

Ballota, Galeopsis, Glechoma and Lamium are the main host genera. Other records include Anchusa arvensis (Huber, 1969a); Rhinanthus alectorolophus (Skala & Zavřel, 1945a); Salvia viridis (Buhr, 1932a); Scrophularia nodosa (Maček, 1999a); Verbena (Hering, 1957a; Robbins, 1991a). The status of these observations is not clear.

phenology

Larvae in May-June and August-October (Hering, 1957a).

BENELUX

BE recorded (De Bruyn & von Tschirnhaus, 1991a).

NE recorded (de Meijere, 1924a, 1939a).

LUX recorded (Ellis, 2002, 2007: Kautenbach, Clervaux, Flaxweiler, Hobscheid).

distribution within Europe

From Scandinavia to France, Italy, Albania and Roumania, and from Ireland to the Baltic States and Poland (Fauna Europaea, 2007); also Bulgaria (Buhr, 1941b).

larva

puparium

synonyms

Dizygomyza, Phytobia labiatarum; probably also Phytobia semigyrans Rydén, 19564 (Spencer, 1976a).

parasitoids, predators

Chrysocharis orbicularis; Miscogaster maculata.

notes

see also ‘cf. Amauromyza labiatarum‘ on Mercurialis annua.

references

Ahr (1966a), Amsel & Hering (1931a), Beiger (1955a, 1960a, 1965a, 1970a, 1979a), Beuk (2002a), De Bruyn & von Tschirnhaus (1991a), Buhr (1932a, 1941b, 1964a), Černý (2011a), Černý & Merz (2005a, 2007a), Černý & Vála (1996a, 1999a), Drăghia (1967a), Dursun, Civelek, Barták ao (2015a), van Frankenhuyzen Houtman & Kabos (1982a), Hartig (1939a), Hering (1955b, 1957a), Huber (1969a), Kabos (1971a), Kvičala (1938a), Maček (1999a), Manning (1956a), de Meijere (1925a, 1928a, 1939a), Michalska (1970a, 1972a, 1976a, 2003a), Michna (1975a), Nowakowski (1954a), Ostrauskas, Pakalniškis & Taluntytė (2003a), Pakalniškis (1982a, 1990a), Papp & Černý (2016a), Robbins (1991a), Rydén (1926a), Skala (1951a), Skala & Zavřel (1945a), Sønderup (1949a), Spencer (1971a, 1972a, 1976a), Stammer (2016a), Starke (1942a), Starý (1930a), Süss & Moreschi (2003a), von Tschirnhaus (1999a), Ureche (2010a), Zoerner (1969a).