Gentiana cruciata, Amstelveen, JP Thijssepark

mine

The mine begins as a small upper-surface blotch, from which corridors radiate. Wile these become longer and more numerous a secondary blotch develops. Frass in pearl strings. Pupation within the mine. The front spiracula of the white puparium penetrate the plant epidermis.

hostplants

Gentianaceae, Melanthaceae, constrained polyphagous

Centaurium erythraea; Gentiana asclepiadea, cruciata, lutea, pannonica, pneumonanthe, punctata, septemfida, tibetica; Gentianella; Veratrum album.

phenology

Larvae in July and August-September (Hering, 1957a).

BENELUX

BE not recorded (Fauna Europaea, 2007).

NE recorded (Beuk, 2002a).

LUX not recorded (Fauna Europaea, 2007).

distribution within Europe

From Lithuania to the Iberian Peninsula, and the the Netherlands to Italy; also Bulgaria (Fauna Europaea, 2007).

larve

synonyms

Phytomyza gentianae; Ph. veratri Hering, 1941; Chromatomyia hecate Pakalniškis, 1998.

notes

In small plants the larvae can also mine the stem (Buhr, 1964a).

Beri (1971e) describes the larva from an unindentified Lamiaceae in India. It is most improbable that his identification is correct.

references

Ahr (1966a), Beiger (1960a, 2005a), Beri (1972e), Beuk (2002a), Buhr (1941a, 1964a), Černý & Merz (2007a), Černý & Vála (1996a), Csóka (2003a), van Frankenhuyzen, Houtman & Kabos (1982a), Godfray (2015a), Griffiths (1962a), Hartig (1939a), Hering (1926b, 1928a, 1941a, 1957a), Huber (1969a), Kvičala (1938a), Maček (1999a), de Meijere (1926a, 1941a), Pakalniškis (1989b), Robbins (1991a), Sasakawa (1961a), Skala (1936a), Skala & Zavřel (1945a), Spencer (1972a), Starý (1930a), Süss (1982a, 1992a), Surányi (1942a), von Tschirnhaus (1982a, 1999a).