Brassica napus, Hungary, Mosonmagyaróvár © László Érsek

Papaver rhoeas, Diemen

mine

Upper-surface, less often lower-surface corridor. Frass in isolated grains. Pupation within the mine, in a, usually lower-surface, pupal chamber. The front spiracula penetrate the plant epidermis as a pair of tiny hooks.

host plants

Achillea filipendulina, millefolium, ptarmica; Adenostyles; Ajuga; Alcea rosea; Alliaria; Allium; Amaranthusl Anchusa; Antirrhinum majus; Arctanthemum arcticum; Arctium lappa, tomentosa; Armoracia; Artemisia absinthium, vulgaris; Asperugo procumbens; Aster; Astrantia major; Aurinia saxatilis; Brassica napus, oleracea; Buglossoides arvensis; Cannabis sativa; Capsella; Cardaria draba; Centaurea jacea, macocephala, melitensis, phrygia, solstitialis; Centranthus; Chelidonium; Chenopodium; Chrysanthemum indicum; Cirsium arvense, creticum, oleraceum; Clinopodium vulgare; Coreopsis grandiflora; Crupina crupinastrum; Cucumis melo, sativus; Cucurbita pepo; Cyanus montanus; Dahlia; Dendranthema grandiflorum; Diplotaxis tenuifolia; Echium vulgare; Erigeron; Erysimum cheiri; Galeopsis; Gerbera jamesonii; Glebionis coronaria; Gypsophila paniculata; Helianthus annuus; helminthotheca echioides; Hesperis; Humulus lupulusl Hyoseris radiata; Impatiens parviflora; Isatis; Jacobaea subalpina; Knautia; Lactuca sativa, serriola; Leontopodium alpinum; Leucanthemopsis alpina; Leucanthemum maximum, vulgare; Linaria genistifolia, vulgaris; Linum usitatissimum; Lupinus angustifolius; Lycopersicon esculentum; Malva neglecta, sylvestris;Matthiola incana; Meconopsis; Medicago sativa; Mentha longifolia; Misopates orontium; Myagrum perfoliatum; Nicotiana tabacum; Ononis reclinata; Origanum vulgare; Papaver rhoeas, somniferum; Petroselinum crispum; Petunia axillaris, x hybrida; Phacelia tanacetifolia; Phaseolus vulgaris; Pisum sativum; Plantago lanceolata, major; Psephellus dealbatus; Ranunculus lingua; Raphanus sativus; Rapistrum rugosum; Reseda; Rudbeckia laciniata, nitida; Salvia nemorosa; Senecio doria, eucanthemifolius subsp. vernalis, nemorensis, vulgaris; Sinapis; Sisymbrium officinale; Solanum nigrum; Sonchus arvensis, asper, bulbosus, oleraceus, Tanacetum parthenium, vulgare; Taraxacum officinale; Thlaspi; Trifolium incarnatum, pratense, stellatum; Tripleurospermum maritimum; Tropaeolum majus; Tyrimnus leucographus; Valeriana montana, officinalis; Valerianella; Vicia faba, sativa; Zinnia elegans.

phenology

In 2-6 generations per year (Hering, 1957a).

BENELUX

BE recorded (De Bruyn & von Tschirnhaus, 1991a).

NE recorded (Beuk, 2002a).

LUX recorded (Ellis: Kautenbach).

distribution within Europe

Entire Europe (Fauna Europaea, 2007).

larva

Described by Dempewolf (2001a); rear spiraculum with 6-9 papillae.

puparium

synonyms

Phytomyza atricornis Meigen (ten dele); Phytomyza horticola; Ph. bidensivora Séguy, 1951; Ph. cucumis Macquart, 1854; Ph. fediae Kaltenbach, 1860; Ph. lactucae Vimmer, 1928; Ph. linariae Kaltenbach, 1862; Ph. meliloti Brischke, 1882; Ph. nainiensis Garg, 1971; Ph. pisi Kaltenbach, 1864; Ph. subaffinis Malloch, 1914; Ph. tropaeoli Dufour, 1857.

notes

Until the middle of the sixties Phytomyza atricornis Meigen was considered one of the most common and polyphagous Agromyzidae. However, a revision by Griffiths (1967a) made it clear that by that name two closely related species are covered: Chromatomyia syngenesiae (Hardy) en Ch. horticola (Goureau). The difference is visible only in interior details of the male genitalia: neither the females nor pre-imaginal stages can be identified with certainty. Unfortunately, both species are common and polyphagous. There is some difference in food plant preference. Ch. syngenesiae lives almost exclusively on Asteraceae, while horticola has been found on at least 24 families of flowering plants, with a marked preference for Asteraceae, Brassicaceae and Fabaceae. Both species share a clear preference for human-dominated, disturbed habitats, and are found most frequently in urban situations.

For the practical identification of mine material some choose to use the old, collective, name atricornis for both species. A somewhat more precise approach is to identify material from Asteraceae as “cf. syngensiae”, and material from non-Asteraceae as horticola.

notes

Especially in Central Europe a serious pest on peas and ornamental plants (Darvas, Skuhravá & Andersen (2000a).

references

Ahr (1966a), Amsel & Hering (1931a, 1933a), Andersen & Jonassen (1994a), Beiger (1979a, 1989a), Benavent-Corai, Martinez, Moreno Marí & Jiménez Peydró (2004a), Beri (1971e), Beuk (2002a), Bland (1994b), De Bruyn & von Tschirnhaus (1991a), Buhr (1964a), Černý (2001a, 2004a, 2007a, 2011a), Černý, Andrade, Gonçalves & von Tschirnhaus (2018a), Černý, Barták & Roháček (2004a), Černý, Barták & Vaněk (2009a), Černý & Merz (2005a, 2007a), Černý & Vála (1999a, 2006a), Černý, Vála & Barták (2001a), Chałańska, Łabanowski & Soika (2006a), Ci̇velek, Çikman & Dursun (2008a), Darvas, Skuhravá & Andersen (2000a), Dempewolf (2001a, 2004a), Drăghia (1967a, 1972a, 1974a), Edmunds (2013a), van Frankenhuyzen, Houtman & Kabos (1982a), Gil-Ortiz, Falcó-Garí, Oltra-Moscardó ao (2009a), Griffiths (1967a, 1972b, 1974c, 1976c), Haase (1942a), Hering (1927a, 1932g, 1957a, 1960a, 1967a), Masetti, Lanzoni, Burgio & Süss (2004a), Michalska (1976a, 2003a), Ostrauskas, Pakalniškis & Taluntytė (2003a), Pakalniškis (1990a, 1996b, 2000a), Robbins (1991a), Sasakawa (1997b), Scheirs, De Bruyn & von Tschirnhaus (1995a) Scheirs, De Bruyn & Verdyck (1993a), Šefrová (2015a), Séguy (1950a), Skala (1951a), Spencer (1971a, 1972a,b, 1973c, 1974a, 1976a,b), Stammer (2016a), Starý (1930a), Stolnicu (2007a), Süss (1982a), Süss & Moreschi (2003a), von Tschirnhaus (1969b, 1982a, 1999a), Ureche (2010a), Vála & Rohacek (1983a), Zlobin (1986b).