Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau, 1851)
Brassica napus, Hungary, Mosonmagyaróvár © László Érsek
detail
pua in pupal chamber, larva
Papaver rhoeas, Diemen
mine
Upper-surface, less often lower-surface corridor. Frass in isolated grains. Pupation within the mine, in a, usually lower-surface, pupal chamber. The front spiracula penetrate the plant epidermis as a pair of tiny hooks.
hostplants
Strongly polyphagous. Especially in Central Europe a serious pest on peas and ornamental plants (Darvas, Skuhravá & Andersen (2000a).
phenology
In 2-6 generations per year (Hering, 1957a).
BENELUX
BE recorded (De Bruyn & von Tschirnhaus, 1991a).
NE recorded (Beuk, 2002a).
LUX recorded (Ellis: Kautenbach).
distribution within Europe
Entire Europe (Fauna Europaea, 2007).
larva
Described by Dempewolf (2001a); rear spiraculum with 6-9 papillae.
puparium
synonyms
Phytomyza atricornis Meigen (ten dele); Phytomyza horticola; Ph. bidensivora Séguy, 1951; Ph. cucumis Macquart, 1854; Ph. fediae Kaltenbach, 1860; Ph. lactucae Vimmer, 1928; Ph. linariae Kaltenbach, 1862; Ph. meliloti Brischke, 1882; Ph. nainiensis Garg, 1971; Ph. pisi Kaltenbach, 1864; Ph. subaffinis Malloch, 1914; Ph. tropaeoli Dufour, 1857.
notes
Until the middle of the sixties Phytomyza atricornis Meigen was considered one of the most common and polyphagous Agromyzidae. However, a revision by Griffiths (1967a) made it clear that by that name two closely related species are covered: Chromatomyia syngenesiae (Hardy) en Ch. horticola (Goureau). The difference is visible only in interior details of the male genitalia: neither the females nor pre-imaginal stages can be idenitified with certainty. Unfortunately, both species are common and polyphagous. There is some difference in foodplant preference. Ch. syngenesiae lives almost exclusively on Asteraceae, while horticola has been found on at least 24 families of flowering plants, with a marked preference for Asteraceae, Brassicaceae and Fabaceae. Both species share a clear preference for human-dominated, disturbed habitats, and are found most frequently in urban situations.
For the practical identification of mine material some choose to use the old, collective, name atricornis for both species. A somewhat more precise approach is to identify material from Asteraceae as “cf. syngensiae”, and material from non-Asteraceae as horticola.
references
Ahr (1966a), Amsel & Hering (1931a, 1933a), Andersen & Jonassen (1994a), Beiger (1979a, 1989a), Benavent-Corai, Martinez, Moreno Marí & Jiménez Peydró (2004a), Beri (1971e), Beuk (2002a), Bland (1994b), De Bruyn & von Tschirnhaus (1991a), Buhr (1964a), Černý (2001a, 2004a, 2007a, 2011a), Černý, Barták & Roháček (2004a), Černý & Merz (2005a, 2007a), Černý & Vála (1999a, 2006a), Černý, Vála & Barták (2001a), Ci̇velek, Çikman & Dursun (2008a), Darvas, Skuhravá & Andersen (2000a), Dempewolf (2001a, 2004a), Drăghia (1967a, 1972a, 1974a), Edmunds (2013a), van Frankenhuyzen, Houtman & Kabos (1982a), Gil-Ortiz, Falcó-Garí, Oltra-Moscardó ao (2009a), Griffiths (1967a, 1972b, 1974c, 1976c), Haase (1942a), Hering (1927a, 1932g, 1957a, 1960a, 1967a), Masetti, Lanzoni, Burgio & Süss (2004a), Michalska (1976a, 2003a), Ostrauskas, Pakalniškis & Taluntytė (2003a), Pakalniškis (1990a, 1996b, 2000a), Robbins (1991a), Sasakawa (1997b), Scheirs, De Bruyn & von Tschirnhaus (1995a) Scheirs, De Bruyn & Verdyck (1993a), Šefrová (2015a), Séguy (1950a), Skala (1951a), Spencer (1971a, 1972a,b, 1973c, 1974a, 1976a,b), Stammer (2016a), Starý (1930a), Stolnicu (2007a), Süss (1982a), Süss & Moreschi (2003a), von Tschirnhaus (1969b, 1982a, 1999a), Ureche (2010a), Vála & Rohacek (1983a), Zlobin (1986b).
Chromatomyia horticola
mod 22.iii.2018
Brassica napus, Hungary, Mosonmagyaróvár © László Érsek
detail
pua in pupal chamber, larva
Papaver rhoeas, Diemen
mine
Upper-surface, less often lower-surface corridor. Frass in isolated grains. Pupation within the mine, in a, usually lower-surface, pupal chamber. The front spiracula penetrate the plant epidermis as a pair of tiny hooks.
hostplants
Strongly polyphagous. Especially in Central Europe a serious pest on peas and ornamental plants (Darvas, Skuhravá & Andersen (2000a).
phenology
In 2-6 generations per year (Hering, 1957a).
BENELUX
BE recorded (De Bruyn & von Tschirnhaus, 1991a).
NE recorded (Beuk, 2002a).
LUX recorded (Ellis: Kautenbach).
distribution within Europe
Entire Europe (Fauna Europaea, 2007).
larva
Described by Dempewolf (2001a); rear spiraculum with 6-9 papillae.
puparium
synonyms
Phytomyza atricornis Meigen (ten dele); Phytomyza horticola; Ph. bidensivora Séguy, 1951; Ph. cucumis Macquart, 1854; Ph. fediae Kaltenbach, 1860; Ph. lactucae Vimmer, 1928; Ph. linariae Kaltenbach, 1862; Ph. meliloti Brischke, 1882; Ph. nainiensis Garg, 1971; Ph. pisi Kaltenbach, 1864; Ph. subaffinis Malloch, 1914; Ph. tropaeoli Dufour, 1857.
notes
Until the middle of the sixties Phytomyza atricornis Meigen was considered one of the most common and polyphagous Agromyzidae. However, a revision by Griffiths (1967a) made it clear that by that name two closely related species are covered: Chromatomyia syngenesiae (Hardy) en Ch. horticola (Goureau). The difference is visible only in interior details of the male genitalia: neither the females nor pre-imaginal stages can be idenitified with certainty. Unfortunately, both species are common and polyphagous. There is some difference in foodplant preference. Ch. syngenesiae lives almost exclusively on Asteraceae, while horticola has been found on at least 24 families of flowering plants, with a marked preference for Asteraceae, Brassicaceae and Fabaceae. Both species share a clear preference for human-dominated, disturbed habitats, and are found most frequently in urban situations.
For the practical identification of mine material some choose to use the old, collective, name atricornis for both species. A somewhat more precise approach is to identify material from Asteraceae as “cf. syngensiae”, and material from non-Asteraceae as horticola.
references
Ahr (1966a), Amsel & Hering (1931a, 1933a), Andersen & Jonassen (1994a), Beiger (1979a, 1989a), Benavent-Corai, Martinez, Moreno Marí & Jiménez Peydró (2004a), Beri (1971e), Beuk (2002a), Bland (1994b), De Bruyn & von Tschirnhaus (1991a), Buhr (1964a), Černý (2001a, 2004a, 2007a, 2011a), Černý, Barták & Roháček (2004a), Černý & Merz (2005a, 2007a), Černý & Vála (1999a, 2006a), Černý, Vála & Barták (2001a), Ci̇velek, Çikman & Dursun (2008a), Darvas, Skuhravá & Andersen (2000a), Dempewolf (2001a, 2004a), Drăghia (1967a, 1972a, 1974a), Edmunds (2013a), van Frankenhuyzen, Houtman & Kabos (1982a), Gil-Ortiz, Falcó-Garí, Oltra-Moscardó ao (2009a), Griffiths (1967a, 1972b, 1974c, 1976c), Haase (1942a), Hering (1927a, 1932g, 1957a, 1960a, 1967a), Masetti, Lanzoni, Burgio & Süss (2004a), Michalska (1976a, 2003a), Ostrauskas, Pakalniškis & Taluntytė (2003a), Pakalniškis (1990a, 1996b, 2000a), Robbins (1991a), Sasakawa (1997b), Scheirs, De Bruyn & von Tschirnhaus (1995a) Scheirs, De Bruyn & Verdyck (1993a), Šefrová (2015a), Séguy (1950a), Skala (1951a), Spencer (1971a, 1972a,b, 1973c, 1974a, 1976a,b), Stammer (2016a), Starý (1930a), Stolnicu (2007a), Süss (1982a), Süss & Moreschi (2003a), von Tschirnhaus (1969b, 1982a, 1999a), Ureche (2010a), Vála & Rohacek (1983a), Zlobin (1986b).