penetrating front spiracula; right the anchoring of the puparium in the mine (seen from above)

mine

Elongated, shallow, upper-surface of lower-surface blotch, not infrequently several in one leaf. Frass in strings or pearl chains. Pupation within the mine. Th bifid front spiracula of the puparium penetrate the epidermis; the rear spiracula are dagger-shaped, elongated and curved, and are anchored in the leaf tissue.

host plants

Poaceae, widely oligophagous

Agrostis; Avena; Brachypodium sylvaticum; Catabrosa aquatica; Dactylis glomerata; Festuca; Hierochloe odorata; Holcus lanatus, mollis; Hordeum; Lolium; Milium effusum; Ochlopoa annua; Poa compressa, palustris, pratensis, trivialis.

Milium is the main host plant.

phenology

Larae from May to September (Hering, 1957a).

BENELUX

BE recorded (De Bruyn & von Tschirnhaus, 1991a).

NE recorded (de Meijere, 1924a).

LUX recorded (Ellis: Kautenbach).

distribution within Europe

From Scandinavia and Iceland to the Iberian Peninsula and Italy, and from Ireland to Belarus and Slovakia; also Thrace (Fauna Europaea, 2007); Turkey (Civelek, Deeming & Önder 2000a); Japan (Sasakawa, 2005a).

larva

puparium

synonyms

Phytomyza milii; Ph. jacobaeae de Meijere, 1924; Ph. intermedia Spencer, 1957.

parasitoids, predators

Pnigalio soemius.

notes

Beuk (2002a) erroneously refers to a “Liriomyza jacobaeae (de Meijere, 1924a)” in the Dutch checklist.

Strong preference for hostplants in shadowed situations (Rotheray, 1987a).

references

Beiger (1955a, 1960a, 1965a, 1970a), Beuk (2002a), De Bruyn & von Tschirnhaus (1991a), Buhr (1932a), Černý (2007a, 2011a), Černý, Andrade, Gonçalves & von Tschirnhaus (2018a), Černý, Barták & Roháček (2004a), Černý, Barták & Vaněk (2009a), Černý & Merz (2005a, 2006a, 2007a), Černý & Vála (1999a), Černý, Vála & Barták (2001a), Ci̇velek, Çikman & Dursun (2008a), Civelek, Deeming & Önder (2000a), van Frankenhuyzen, Houtman & Kabos (1982a), Griffiths (1962a, 1964a, 1980a), Hering (1924b, 1955b, 1057a), Huber (1969a), Kabos (1971a), de Meijere (1895a, 1924a, 1939a), Michalska (1972a, 1976a), Pakalniškis (1986a, 1994a, 1998a), Robbins (1991a), Rotheray (1987a), Sasakawa (2005a), Scheirs, De Bruyn & von Tschirnhaus (1995a, 1996a), Scheirs, De Bruyn & Verdyck (1993a), Sønderup (1949a), Spencer (1967a, 1972a,b, 1976a), Starke (1942a), Starý (1930a), von Tschirnhaus (1982a, 1999a), Vála & Rohacek (1983a), Withers (2007a).