Liriomyza bulgarica Beiger, 1979
on Sonchus
mine (from Ostrauskas, Pakalniškis & Taluntytė)
mine
Initially a corridor on top of the midrib, later widened into an elongated blotch with many, irregular side branches that are not strongly determined by the leaf venation. The mine invariably contains several larvae. Fras in irregular grains and strings. Pupation outside the mine. Contrary to L. strigata the mine is not preceded by a narrow lower-surface corridor.
hostplants
Asteraceae, monophagous
Sonchus arvensis, asper, oleraceus.
phenology
Larvae in June.
distribution within Europe
Lithuania, Bulgaria (Fauna Europaea, 2009).
larva
Yellowish, 2.6 mm; mandibles two-teethed, alternating; both front and rear spiracula globular with 13 and 19 pupillae, respectively.
puparium
Ochreous-yellow with brown spiracula, 2.3 mm long, distinctly segmented; rear spiracula each on a cone-shaped base.
references
Beiger (1979a,c), Ostrauskas, Pakalniškis & Taluntytė (2003a), Pakalniškis (2000a), Spencer (1990a).