Liriomyza eupatorii (Kaltenbach, 1873)
Asteraceae
Eupatorium cannabinum, Belgium, prov. Antwerp, Meerhout, Zeeploop, 17.vi.2016 © Carina Van Steenwinkel
Galeopsis spec., Belgium, prov. Limbourg, Ham, de Rammelaars, 14.vi.2013 © Carina Van Steenwinkel: occupied mine
Galeopsis spec., Belgium, prov. Antwerp, Olen, 13.viii.2017 © Carina Van Steenwinkel: two vacated mines
Galeopsis spec., Belgium, prov. Limbourg, Meldert, Schurfert, 16.viii.2016 © Carina Van Steenwinkel: unusually heavy frass line
Eupatorium cannabinum, Bergen NH
Eupatorium cannabinum, Bergsche Heide
Galeopsis tetrahit, Belgium, prov. Namur, Olloy-sur-Viroin © Stéphane Claerebout
Galeopsis spec., Welna estate © Hans Jonkman
mine
Upper-surface corridor. The first part is wound in a dense spiral that quickly turns brown. The spiral continues in a long, generally unbranched corridor that maintains almost the same width. Frass in long thick strings. When the mine is positioned near the leaf margin the spiral part may be missing; the thick frass strings then are sufficiently characteristic. Pupation outside the mine; exit slit in lower epidermis.
hostplants
Asteraceae & Lamiaceae; narrowly polyphagous
Aster; Euptorium aromaticum, cannabinum; Galeopsis angustifolia, pubescens, segetum, speciosa, tetrahit; Helianthus; Lapsana communis; Solidago virgaurea.
A very common species, mostly found on Eupatorium and Galeopsis, Ostrauskas, Pakalniškis & Taluntytė (2003a, Lithuania) report the species from Stachys arvensis.
phenology
Larvae in May-June and July-August (Hering, 1957a).
BENELUX
BE recorded (De Bruyn & von Tschirnhaus, 1991a).
NE recorded (de Meijere, 1924a).
LUX recorded (Ellis: Kautenbach, Hobscheid, Dudelange).
distribution within Europe
From Scandinavia to the Iberian Peninsula and Italy, and from Ireland to Estonia, Poland and Hungary (Fauna Europaea, 2008).
larva
synonyms
Liriomyza fasciola eupatorii; Liriomyza orbitella Hendel, 1931.
Papp & Černý (2018a) noted a strong similarity, both in external morphology and genitalia, between L. eupatorii and L. pusilla, and on that argument sink eupatorii in synonymy of pusilla. Given the large dissimilarity in biology of the two species, and in the absence experimental confirmation or at least a study of the DNA, this synonymy is a rash and unjustified action.
references
Beiger (1955a, 1960a, 1970a, 1979a), Beuk (2002a), Buhr (1932a, 1941b, 1964a), De Bruyn & von Tschirnhaus (1991a), Černý (2001a), Černý, Barták & Roháček (2004a), Černý & Merz (2007a), Černý & Vála (1999a), Černý, Vála & Barták (2001a), Ci̇velek, Çikman & Dursun (2008a), Drăghia (1968a), Eiseman & Lonsdale (2018a), van Frankenhuyzen, Houtman & Kabos (1982a), Gil Ortiz (2009a), Haase (1942a), Hartig (1939a), Hering (1921a, 1955a), Huber (1969a), Kabos (1971a), Kvičala (1938a), Maček (1999a), de Meijere (1924a, 1925a, 1939a), Michalska (1970a, 1972a, 1976a, 2003a), Michna (1975a), Nowakowski (1954a), Ostrauskas, Pakalniškis & Taluntytė (2003a), Pakalniškis (1982b,1990a), Papp & Černý (2018a), Robbins (1991a), Rydén (1926a), Scheirs, De Bruyn & von Tschirnhaus (1995a), Scheirs, De Bruyn & Verdyck (1993a), Skala & Zavřel (1945a), Sønderup (1949a), Spencer (1954a,b, 1972a, 1976a), Stammer (2016a), Starý (1930a), Süss (1979a), Starke (1942a), von Tschirnhaus (1999a), Ureche (2010a), Zoerner (1969a, 1970a).