Sonchus asper, Nieuwendam

Sonchus asper, Belgium, prov. Limburg, Vucht, Maaswinkel © Zoë Vanstraelen

mine

Brown, upper-surface blotch; often several larvae in a mine. The blotch is preceded by a short initial corridor, often overrun by the later blotch. Frass in a few, small grains. Secondary feeding lines well visible. Pupation outside the mine, exit slit in upper epidermis.

host plants

Asteraceae, oligophagous

Arnoseris minima; Cichorium intybus; Helminthotheca echoides; Lactuca muralis, perennis, serriola; Lapsana; Picris hieracioides; Prenanthes pururea; Reichardia tingitana; Sonchus arvensis, asper, oleraceus, palustris.

Gil Ortiz (2009a) additionally cites: Erigeron, Eryngium, Euphorbia, and Lepidium. These genera are taxonomically so far apart, both from each other and the host listed above that further confirmation is needed.

phenology

Larvae in May-August (Hering, 1957a).

BENELUX

BE recorded (De Bruyn & von Tschirnhaus, 1991a).

NE recorded (de Meijere, 1025a, as L. hieracii on Sonchus).

LUX recorded (Ellis: Kautenbach).

distribution within Europe

From Scandinavia and Finland to the Iberian Peninsula and Italy, and from Ireland to the Baltic States, Poland and Hungary (Fauna Europaea, 2008).

larva

puparium

synonyms

Liriomyza hieracii: de Meijere.

notes

Records of Hieracium as a host plant stem from confusion with L. hieracii and L. hieraciivora (Spencer, 1976a).

references

Andersen (2016a), Beiger (1955a, 1960a, 1979a), Beuk (2002a), De Bruyn & von Tschirnhaus (1991a), Buhr (1932a, 1941b, 1964a), Drăghia (1968a), Gil Ortiz (2009a), Griffiths (1962a), Hering (1936b, 1957a), Huber (1969a), Kabos (1971a), Maček (1999a), Manning (1956a), Masetti, Lanzoni, Burgio & Süss (2004a), de Meijere (1925a, 1939a), Michalska (1976a, 2003a), Nowakowski (1954a), Ostrauskas, Pakalniškis & Taluntytė (2003a), Pakalniškis (1983a), Papp & Černý (2018a), Robbins (1991), Sasakawa (1961a), Skala (1936a), Skala & Zavřel (1945a), Sønderup (1949a), Spencer (1954b, 1967a, 1972a, 1976a), Starý (1930a), Süss (1992a), von Tschirnhaus (1999a), Ureche (2010a), Zoerner (1969a).