Phytomyza bipunctata Loew, 1858

Echinops sphaerocephalus; leg Martin Albertini © Rob Edmunds

sometimes the frass line is quite narrow
mine
Long narrow corridor, upper-surface for most of its length, but with lower-surface segments. Over large distances the corridor follows a heavy vein. Frass in strikingly long threads, alternating along the sides of the mine. Sometimes the frass thread is quite coarse and thick, at other times it is hair thin. Pupation outside the mine, exit slit in the upper epidermis. Occasionally pupation takes place within the mine, but then the exit slit has already been cut (moreover, the front spiracula do not penetrate the epidermis).
host plants
Asteraceae, monophagous
Echinops ritro, sphaerocephalus.
phenology
Larvae in June-July (Hering, 1957a).
BENELUX
BE recorded (Scheirs ao, 1994a).
NE recorded (Arnhem, leg BJ de Vries, det Ellis).
LUX not recorded (Fauna Europaea, 2008).
distribution within Europe
From Sweden to Belgium, Italy and Hungary, and from the UK to Lithuania and Poland; also Thrace (Fauna Europaea, 2008).
larva
de Meijere (1934a, as echinopis).
puparium
de Meijere (1934a, as echinopis).
synonyms
Phytomyza echinopis Hering, 1932.
references
Ahr (1966a), Beiger (1989a), Buhr (1941b, 1964a), Černý & Merz (2007a), Černý, Vála & Barták (2001a), Chałańska, Łabanowski & Soika (2006a), Hering (1931f, 1957a), Huber (1969a), Kvičala (1938a), de Meijere (1934a), Pakalniškis (1990a), Scheirs ao (1994a), Skala & Zavřel (1945a), Spencer (1953a, 1972a, 1976a), Surányi (1942a), Süss (1982a), von Tschirnhaus (1999a).