Laburnum anagyroides, Kekerdom: frass pattern

Laburnum alpinum, Germany, Harz, Bad Grund © Hans Jonkman

mine

Wide corridor, generally upper-surface but not rarely, partly or entirely, lower-surface. Primary feeding lines distinct. Frass at first in grains, later in short thread fragments to two close rows along the sides. Pupation outside the mine.

host plants

Fabaceae, almost monophagous

Laburnum anagyroides.

Very occasionally also reported from Cytisus ratisbonensis and supinus, and Petteria ramentacea (Hering, 1957a).

phenology

Larvae in two generations, from mid June – mid August and from early September – mid October (Askew, 1968a).

BENELUX

BE recorded (De Bruyn & von Tschirnhaus, 1991a).

NE recorded (de Meijere, 1924a).

LUX not recorded (Fauna Europaea, 2008).

distribution within Europe

From Sweden to the Pyrenees and the Alps, and from the UK to Poland (Fauna Europaea, 2008); also Slovenia (Maček, 1999a).

larva

larva

parasitoids, predators

Cirrospilus vittatus; Diglyphus isaea.

notes

Askew (1968a) has devoted a study to the biology and the parasitoid complex of this species.

references

Askew (1968a), Beiger (1970a), Beuk (200a), De Bruyn & von Tschirnhaus (1991a), Buhr (1932a, 1964a), Černý & Vála (1999a), van Frankenhuyzen & Houtman (1972a), van Frankenhuyzen Houtman & Kabos (1982a), Hartig (1939a), Hering (1955b, 1957a), Huber (1969a), Kabos (1971a), Kvičala (1938a), Maček (1999a), Matošević, Pernek, Dubravac & Barić (2009a), de Meijere (1924a, 1926a, 1939a), Nowakowski (1954a), Robbins (1991a), Skala & Zavřel (1945a), Sønderup (1949a), Spencer (1953a, 1972a, 1976a), Starke (1942a), Starý (1930a), Süss (2003a), Surányi (1942a), von Tschirnhaus (1999a).