Phytomyza spinaciae Hendel, 1935
on Cirsium, etc.
Cirsium arvense, England, Norfolk, Mileham, 2.vi.2020 © Rob Edmunds
undersides of leaves, with puparia
detail
puparium, ventaal
lateral
Cirsium arvense, Nieuwendam.7.vi.2002
puparium in the mine; transverse section through the inter- parenchymatous mine
Cirsium arvense, Flevoland, Reve-Abbertbos, 4.x.2015 © Hans Jonkman
unusually heavy occupation
Cirsium oleraceum, Germany, Lower Saxony, Bennin, 13.viii.2010 © Kees Boele
mine
Unusually long, interparenchymatous, therefore yellowish corridor that remains of equal width throughout its length. (In some plants with thin leaves, like Cirsium oleraceum the mines are not interparechymatous but either full-depth or alternating upper- and lower-surface).The mine makes few curves, and hardly any u-turn, causing the mine to usually occupy the entire length of a leaf. Frass in two rows of grains along the sides. Pupation within the mine, in a lower-surface pupal chamber; the front spiracula penetrate the epidermis.
host plants
Asteraceae, oligophagous
Carduus acanthoides, crispus, nutans; Centaurea benedicta; Cirsium acaulon, arvense, dissectum, helenioides, oleraceum, palustre, tuberosum, vulgare; Cyanus segetum; Onopordum acanthium; Serratula.
Main hostplant is the common ruderal Cirsium arvense.
phenology
First generation in mid May, followed by a number of overlapping generations, untill in September (Griffiths, 1959a).
BENELUX
BE recorded (Scheirs ao, 1994a; Scheirs, De Bruyn & von Tschirnhaus, 1996a).
NE recorded (van der Wulp, 1871a, as affinis).
LUX recorded (Ellis: Dudelange, Hobscheid, Flaxweiler).
distribution within Europe
From Scandinavia and Finland to the Iberian Peninsula, and from Britain to Lithuania and Czechia (Fauna Europaea, 2008); ook Italy (Süss, 2003a).
larva
puparium
synonyms
Phytomyza affinis: auct.
notes
In most years a quite common species.
references
Ahr (1966a), Beiger (1955a, 1960a), Beuk (1999a), Buhr (1932a, 1941b, 1964a), Černý (2001a, 2011a), Černý, Vála & Barták (2001a), Dreger & Myssura (2005a), van Frankenhuyzen, Houtman & Kabos (1982a), Griffiths (1959a, 1962a), Guglya (2021a), Hering (1925a, 1955b, 1957a), Huber (1969a), Kabos (1971a), Kvičala (1938a), Maček (1999a), Manning (1956a), Masetti, Lanzoni, Burgio & Süss (2004a), de Meijere (1924a, 1926a, 1934a, 1938a, 1939a), Michalska (2003a), Nowakowski (1954a), Ostrauskas, Pakalniškis & Taluntytė (2003a), Pakalniškis (1986a, 1990a, 1994a, 1998a), Robbins (1991a), Scheirs ao (1994a), Scheirs, De Bruyn & von Tschirnhaus (1995a, 1996a), Skala & Zavřel (1945a), Sønderup (1949a), Spencer (1953a, 1976a), Stammer (2016a), Starke (1942a), Starý (1930a), Süss (2003a), von Tschirnhaus (1999a), Utech (1962a), Vála & Rohacek (1983a), Ureche (2010a), van Wielink (2020a), van der Wulp (1871a), Zoerner (1969a, 1970a).