Chirosia betuleti (Ringdahl, 1935)
on fens

Dryopteris dilatata, Nunspeet

Athyrium filix-femina, Germany, Harz, Wildemann © Hans Jonkman

Dryopteris filix-mas, Belgium, prov. Namur, Dourbes, Tienne Delvaux © Stéphane Claerebout: living larva
mine
Larva in the leaf tip, that is strongly contorted. An elongated white egg shell is visible at the centre of the mass. The biology is described in detail by de Meijere (1911a).
host plants
polyphagous on Pteridophyta
Athyrium distentifolium, filix-femina; Dryopteris carthusiana, cristata, dilatata, filix-mas; Pteridium aquilinum.
Recorded by Dietrich (2016a) from Thelytpteris limbosperma. In eastern Canada often on Onoclea struthiopteris (von Aderkas & Peterson (1987a).
phenology
Found by de Meijere end June-early July. I myself found a larva as early as eind May.
BENELUX
BE recorded (Jean-Yves Baugnée, 2009, Gesves, prov. Namur).
NE recorded (de Meijere, 1939a).
LUX recorded (Lambinon ao, 2001b).
distribution within Europe
From Scandinavia to the Iberian Peninsula and Italy, and from Ireland to Poland and Slovakia (Fauna Europaea, 2007).
larva
puparium
Described by von Aderkas & Peterson (1987a).
synonyms
Anthomyia, Chirosia, Chortophila, Craspedochaeta, signata (Brischke, 1888).
notes
Although this species makes a gall, rather than a mine, it was included by Hering (1957a) treated in in his major work.
references
von Aderkas & Peterson (1987a), Béguinot (2007b), Bellmann (2012a), Beuk, Prijs & de Jong (2002a), Buhr (1964b, 1965a), Chinery (2011a), Coulianos & Holmåsen (1991a), Dauphin & Aniotsbehere (1997a), Dietrich (2016a), Docters van Leeuwen (1936a), Eiseman (2018a), Groom (2011a), Hering (1957a), Houard (1908a), Kolomoec ao (1989a), Koops (2013a), Lambinon, Carbonnelle & Claerebout (2015a), Lambinon & Romain (2009a), Lambinon, Schneider & Feitz (2001b), Lehmann & Hannover (2016a), de Meijere (1911a, 1939a), O’Connor & O’Connor (1999a), Redfern & Shirley (2011a), Robbins (1991a), Roskam (2009a), Seidel (1957a), Spooner & Bowdrey (2012a), Stănescu (2009a), Tavares (1905a), Tomasi (2003a, 2014a).