Athyrium filix-femina, Germany, Harz, Wildemann © Hans Jonkman

Dryopteris filix-mas, Belgium, prov. Namur, Dourbes, Tienne Delvaux © Stéphane Claerebout: living larva

mine

Larva in the leaf tip, that is strongly contorted. An elongated white egg shell is visible at the centre of the mass. The biology is described in detail by de Meijere (1911a).

host plants

polyphagous on Pteridophyta

Athyrium distentifolium, filix-femina; Dryopteris carthusiana, cristata, dilatata, filix-mas; Pteridium aquilinum.

Recorded by Dietrich (2016a) from Thelytpteris limbosperma. In eastern Canada often on Onoclea struthiopteris (von Aderkas & Peterson (1987a).

phenology

Found by de Meijere end June-early July. I myself found a larva as early as eind May.

BENELUX

BE recorded (Jean-Yves Baugnée, 2009, Gesves, prov. Namur).

NE recorded (de Meijere, 1939a).

LUX recorded (Lambinon ao, 2001b).

distribution within Europe

From Scandinavia to the Iberian Peninsula and Italy, and from Ireland to Poland and Slovakia (Fauna Europaea, 2007).

larva

puparium

Described by von Aderkas & Peterson (1987a).

synonyms

Anthomyia, Chirosia, Chortophila, Craspedochaeta, signata (Brischke, 1888).

notes

Although this species makes a gall, rather than a mine, it was included by Hering (1957a) treated in in his major work.

references

von Aderkas & Peterson (1987a), Béguinot (2007b), Bellmann (2012a), Beuk, Prijs & de Jong (2002a), Buhr (1964b, 1965a), Chinery (2011a), Coulianos & Holmåsen (1991a), Dauphin & Aniotsbehere (1997a), Dietrich (2016a), Docters van Leeuwen (1936a), Eiseman (2018a), Groom (2011a), Hering (1957a), Houard (1908a), Kolomoec ao (1989a), Koops (2013a), Lambinon, Carbonnelle & Claerebout (2015a), Lambinon & Romain (2009a), Lambinon, Schneider & Feitz (2001b), Lehmann & Hannover (2016a), de Meijere (1911a, 1939a), O’Connor & O’Connor (1999a), Redfern & Shirley (2011a), Robbins (1991a), Roskam (2009a), Seidel (1957a), Spooner & Bowdrey (2012a), Stănescu (2009a), Tavares (1905a), Tomasi (2003a, 2014a).