Lipara pullitarsis Doskočil & Chvála, 1971
on Phragmites
Phragmites australis, Denmark © Simon Haarder: larva above the growing point (far right), between the leaf sheaths
Phragmites australis, Belgium, prov. Hainaut, Hérinnes, Coupure de Léaucourt © Stéphane Claerebout
mandibles
rear spiracula
stem, after removal of the leaves, with intact growing point
gall
The topmost 2-4 internodes are completely shortened, their leaf sheaths are thickened. The solitary, white, larva lies between the leaf sheaths above the vegetation point. (This is contrary to L. lucens and rufitarsis, where the larva has bored itself down through the growing point to live in the very tip of the stem). The maximal thickness of the gall is less than twice the thickness of the stem just below.
hostplants
Poaceae, monophagous
Phragmites australis.
larva
All stages from egg to puparium are described and illustrated by Grochowska (2006b).
inquilines
Cryptonevra flavitarsis; Oscinella angustipennis.
parasitoids, predators
? Callitula bicolor; Merismus nitidus.
references
Abraham & Carstensen (1982a), Baetens & De Bruyn (1999a), Brunberg Nielsen (2014a), De Bruyn (1994a,b), Chvála, Diskočil, Mook & Pokorný (1974a), Dauphin & Aniotsbehere (1997a), Grochowska (2006b), Kubík, Preisler & Vonička (2009a), Nartshuk (2011a), Roskam (2009a), Schwarzländer & Häfliger (2000a), Wiśniowski & Jirak-Leszczyńska (2021a).
Last modified 8.vi.2022
Phragmites australis, Denmark © Simon Haarder: larva above the growing point (far right), between the leaf sheaths
Phragmites australis, Belgium, prov. Hainaut, Hérinnes, Coupure de Léaucourt © Stéphane Claerebout
mandibles
rear spiracula
stem, after removal of the leaves, with intact growing point
gall
The topmost 2-4 internodes are completely shortened, their leaf sheaths are thickened. The solitary, white, larva lies between the leaf sheaths above the vegetation point. (This is contrary to L. lucens and rufitarsis, where the larva has bored itself down through the growing point to live in the very tip of the stem). The maximal thickness of the gall is less than twice the thickness of the stem just below.
hostplants
Poaceae, monophagous
Phragmites australis.
larva
All stages from egg to puparium are described and illustrated by Grochowska (2006b).
inquilines
Cryptonevra flavitarsis; Oscinella angustipennis.
parasitoids, predators
? Callitula bicolor; Merismus nitidus.
references
Abraham & Carstensen (1982a), Baetens & De Bruyn (1999a), Brunberg Nielsen (2014a), De Bruyn (1994a,b), Chvála, Diskočil, Mook & Pokorný (1974a), Dauphin & Aniotsbehere (1997a), Grochowska (2006b), Kubík, Preisler & Vonička (2009a), Nartshuk (2011a), Roskam (2009a), Schwarzländer & Häfliger (2000a), Wiśniowski & Jirak-Leszczyńska (2021a).