Urophora affinis (Frauenfeld, 1857)
on Centaurea
gall
one or more larvae (maggots) live, each in its own vertical cell, in the thickened and lignified receptacle; here also the pupation takes place. Because the gall acts as a nutrient sink, the plant’s vitality is reduced.
hostplants
Asteraceae, narrowly monophagous
Centaurea affinis, arenaria, calcitrapa, cariensis, diffusa, iberica, paniculata, pinetorum, spinosa, stoebe, virgata.
Also Carduus pycnocephalus ?
synonyms
Euribia affinis.
notes
applied in the United States in the biological control of the host plant.
references
Buhr (1964b), Dirlbeck & Dirlbeck (1994a), Klasa, Kaczorowska & Soszyński (2011a), Kütük, Yaran, Torbali, ao (2019a), Lang, Hansen, Richard & Ziolkowski (2000a), Mohamadzade Namin & Nozari (2011a), Neuenschwander & Freidberg (1983a), Shorthouse (1989a), White & Korneyev (1998a).