Ensina sonchi (Linnaeus, 1767)
sonchus fly
on Asteraceae
gall
de larvae develop in the flower heads.
hostplants
Asteraceae, oligophagous
Chondrilla juncea; Cichorium intybus; Cirsium arvense, vulgare; Crepis biennis, pannonica; Helminthotheca echioides; Hieracum umbellatum; Hypochaeris radicata; Lactuca serriola, tuberosa; Leontodon hispidus; Picris hieracioides; Prenanthes; Scorzonera syriaca; Scorzoneroides autumnalis; Sonchus arvensis, asper, oleraceus; Taraxacum officinale; Tragopogon pratensis; Tripolium pannonicum subsp. tripolium.
parasitoids, predators
references
Baugnée (2006a), Buhr (1965a), Dirlbeck & Dirlbeck (1994a), Ebejer (2015a), El Harym & Belqat (2017a), Lutovinovas (2014a), Merz & Kofler (2008a), Mohamadzade Namin, Nozari & Najarpoor (2010a), Mohamadzade Namin, Nozari & Rasoulian (2010a), Neuenschwander & Freidberg (1983a), Ribes (2014a), Smit (2010a), Spooner & Bowdrey (2012a), Tóth (1969a), White (1988a).