Massalongia rubra (Kieffer, 1890)
on Betula
Betula pubescens, Norway, Gildeskål kirke, 21.vii.2020 © Hallvard Elven: gall
Betula pubescens, Norway, Gildeskål kirke, 21.vii.2020 © Hallvard Elven: gall
Betula pubescens, Norway, Gildeskål kirke, 21.vii.2020 © Hallvard Elven: gall
Betula pendula, Drenthe, Weerwille, 18.x.2021 © Ben van As
Betula pendula, Belgium, prov. Namur, Nismes, Tienne Breumont, 26.ix.2015 Stéphane Claerebout
larva
Betula pendula, Eerbeek, Grootmoeshul, 26.vi.2014 © Arnold Grosscurt: opened gall with two young larvae
Betula pubescens, Eersel, Cartierheide, 10.vi.2006
Betula pubescens, Nunspeet, huize De Vennen, 9.vi.2007; young gall
Betula pubescens, Hollandsche Rading, Einde Gooi, 6.viii.2006; old gall
gall
Fusiform galls, alls generally on the midrib. The larvae are white at first, red when mature. Univoltine; pupation and hibernation generally in the soil.
larva
spatula with papillae (from Möhn, 1955a)
hostplants
Betulaceae, monophagous
Betula pendula, pubescens.
notes
The galls shown below, several small ones in one leaf and developed on the lateral veins, might belong to Massalongia rubra, but this is not at all certain.
Betula papyrifera, Belgium, Bruxelles, Jardin Jean Massart, 13.viii.2021 © Stéphane Claerebout
underside
references
Barnes (1951a), Béguinot (2002g, 2006a,b, 2007b), Bellmann (2012a), Buhr (1964b), Chinery (2011a), Dauphin & Aniotsbehere (1997a), Gagné (2010a), Houard (1908a), Koops (2013a), Lambinon, Carbonnelle & Claerebout (2015a), Lambinon, Schneider & Feitz (2001b), Möhn (1955a), Redfern & Shirley (2011a), Roskam (2009a), Roskam & Carbonnelle (2015a), Schneider (2016a), Simova-Tošić, Skuhravá & Skuhravý (1999a, 2000a, 2004a, 2007a), Skrzypczyńska (2007a), Skuhravá & Skuhravý (1994a, 1999a, 2005b,c, 2010a, 2012a,2021a: 51), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Buhr (2013a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Dauphin & Coutin (2005a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Meyer (2014a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Neacsu (1972a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Skrzypczyńska & Szadziewski (2008a), Tomasi (2014a), Wahlgren (1963b).