Betula pendula, Belgium, prov. Namur, Nismes, Tienne Breumont, 26.ix.2015 Stéphane Claerebout

larva

Betula pubescens, Eersel, Cartierheide, 10.vi.2006

Betula pubescens, Nunspeet, huize De Vennen, 9.vi.2007; young gall

Betula pubescens, Hollandsche Rading, Einde Gooi, 6.viii.2006; old gall

gall

Fusiform galls, alls generally on the midrib. The larvae are white at first, red when mature. Univoltine; pupation and hibernation generally in the soil.

larva

spatula with papillae (from Möhn, 1955a)

hostplants

Betulaceae, monophagous

Betula pendula, pubescens.

notes

The galls shown below, several small ones in one leaf and developed on the lateral veins, might belong to Massalongia rubra, but this is not at all certain.

Betula papyrifera, Belgium, Bruxelles, Jardin Jean Massart, 13.viii.2021 © Stéphane Claerebout

underside

references

Barnes (1951a), Béguinot (2002g, 2006a,b, 2007b), Bellmann (2012a), Buhr (1964b), Chinery (2011a), Dauphin & Aniotsbehere (1997a), Gagné (2010a), Houard (1908a), Koops (2013a), Lambinon, Carbonnelle & Claerebout (2015a), Lambinon, Schneider & Feitz (2001b), Möhn (1955a), Redfern & Shirley (2011a), Roskam (2009a), Roskam & Carbonnelle (2015a), Schneider (2016a), Simova-Tošić, Skuhravá & Skuhravý (1999a, 2000a, 2004a, 2007a), Skrzypczyńska (2007a), Skuhravá & Skuhravý (1994a, 1999a, 2005b,c, 2010a, 2012a,2021a: 51), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Buhr (2013a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Dauphin & Coutin (2005a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Meyer (2014a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Neacsu (1972a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Skrzypczyńska & Szadziewski (2008a), Tomasi (2014a), Wahlgren (1963b).