Massalongia rubra (Kieffer, 1890)
on Betula
Betula pendula, Belgium, prov. Namur, Nismes, Tienne Breumont © Stéphane Claerebout
larva
Betula pubescens, Eersel, Cartierheide
Betula pubescens, Nunspeet, huize De Vennen; young gall
Betula pubescens, Hollandsche Rading, Einde Gooi; old gall
gall
The larvae are white at first, red when mature. Univoltine; pupation and hibernation generally in the soil.
larva
spatula with papillae (from Möhn, 1955a)
hostplants
Betulaceae, monophagous
Betula pendula, pubescens.
references
Barnes (1951a), Béguinot (2002g, 2006a,b, 2007b), Bellmann (2012a), Buhr (1964b), Chinery (2011a), Dauphin & Aniotsbehere (1997a), Gagné (2010a), Houard (1908a), Koops (2013a), Lambinon, Carbonnelle & Claerebout (2015a), Lambinon, Schneider & Feitz (2001b), Möhn (1955a), Redfern & Shirley (2011a), Roskam (2009a), Roskam & Carbonnelle (2015a), Schneider (2016a), Simova-Tošić, Skuhravá & Skuhravý (1999a, 2000a, 2004a, 2007a), Skrzypczyńska (2007a), Skuhravá & Skuhravý (1994a, 1999a, 2005b,c, 2010a, 2012a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Buhr (2013a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Dauphin & Coutin (2005a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Meyer (2014a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Neacsu (1972a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Skrzypczyńska & Szadziewski (2008a), Tomasi (2014a), Wahlgren (1963b).