Betula pendula, Belgium, prov. Namur, Nismes, Tienne Breumont © Stéphane Claerebout

larva

Betula pubescens, Eersel, Cartierheide

Betula pubescens, Nunspeet, huize De Vennen; young gall

Betula pubescens, Hollandsche Rading, Einde Gooi; old gall

gall

The larvae are white at first, red when mature. Univoltine; pupation and hibernation generally in the soil.

larva

spatula with papillae (from Möhn, 1955a)

hostplants

Betulaceae, monophagous

Betula pendula, pubescens.

references

Barnes (1951a), Béguinot (2002g, 2006a,b, 2007b), Bellmann (2012a), Buhr (1964b), Chinery (2011a), Dauphin & Aniotsbehere (1997a), Gagné (2010a), Houard (1908a), Koops (2013a), Lambinon, Carbonnelle & Claerebout (2015a), Lambinon, Schneider & Feitz (2001b), Möhn (1955a), Redfern & Shirley (2011a), Roskam (2009a), Roskam & Carbonnelle (2015a), Schneider (2016a), Simova-Tošić, Skuhravá & Skuhravý (1999a, 2000a, 2004a, 2007a), Skrzypczyńska (2007a), Skuhravá & Skuhravý (1994a, 1999a, 2005b,c, 2010a, 2012a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Buhr (2013a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Dauphin & Coutin (2005a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Meyer (2014a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Neacsu (1972a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Skrzypczyńska & Szadziewski (2008a), Tomasi (2014a), Wahlgren (1963b).