Massalongia rubra (Kieffer, 1890)
on Betula

Betula pendula, Belgium, prov. Namur, Nismes, Tienne Breumont © Stéphane Claerebout

larva

Betula pubescens, Eersel, Cartierheide

Betula pubescens, Nunspeet, huize De Vennen; young gall

Betula pubescens, Hollandsche Rading, Einde Gooi; old gall
gall
The larvae are white at first, red when mature. Univoltine; pupation and hibernation generally in the soil.
larva
spatula with papillae (from Möhn, 1955a)
hostplants
Betulaceae, monophagous
Betula pendula, pubescens.
references
Barnes (1951a), Béguinot (2002g, 2006a,b, 2007b), Bellmann (2012a), Buhr (1964b), Chinery (2011a), Dauphin & Aniotsbehere (1997a), Gagné (2010a), Houard (1908a), Koops (2013a), Lambinon, Carbonnelle & Claerebout (2015a), Lambinon, Schneider & Feitz (2001b), Möhn (1955a), Redfern & Shirley (2011a), Roskam (2009a), Roskam & Carbonnelle (2015a), Schneider (2016a), Simova-Tošić, Skuhravá & Skuhravý (1999a, 2000a, 2004a, 2007a), Skrzypczyńska (2007a), Skuhravá & Skuhravý (1994a, 1999a, 2005b,c, 2010a, 2012a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Buhr (2013a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Dauphin & Coutin (2005a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Meyer (2014a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Neacsu (1972a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Skrzypczyńska & Szadziewski (2008a), Tomasi (2014a), Wahlgren (1963b).