Monarthropalpus flavus (Schrank, 1776)
on Buxus
Buxus sempervirens ‘Angustifolia’, Hongarije, Budapest © László Érsek
underside
detail
Buxus sempervirens, Belgium, Liege; upper side of the leaf; © Jean-Yves Baugnée
underside of the leaf
larva in opened gall
Buxus sempervirens, Belgium, prov. Liège: Ben-Ahin, Lovegnée-Bosquet: old galls © Jean-Yves Baugnée
another larva
Buxus sempervirens France, Paris, Versailles, Château de Versailles © Stéphane Claerebout: exuvium protruding from the gall
mine
Lower-surface circular mine, just a few mm in diameter. Upper surface wart-like, somewhat discoloured, opaque. Mine often on top of the midrib. Sometime several mines together, which may fuse. The larvae live of leaf tissue by means of external digestion.
hostplants
Buxaceae, monophagous
Buxus balearica, microphylla, sempervirens, wallichiana.
phenology
One generation per year; the larve hibernates in the gall, and pupates in spring.
BENELUX
BE recorded (Jean-Yves Baugnée: Liége).
NE recorded de Meijere (1924a).
LUX not recorded (Fauna Europaea, 2008).
distribution within Europe
Entire Europe, except Ireland and the southern Balkan (Fauna Europaea, 2008).
larva
Young larvae are white, older ones pale orange. Galled leaves are dropped prematurely. Univoltine. Larvae hibernate in the gall, pupate in spring.
spatula with papillae (from Möhn, 1955a)
synonyms
Monarthropalpus buxi (Laboulbène, 1873).
references
Barnes (1948a), Béguinot (2000b, 2002a), Braggion (2013a), Buhr (1964b), Cilbircioğlu & Ünal (2009a), Dauphin & Aniotsbehere (1997a), Docters van Leeuwen (1936a), Draghia (1971a), Gagné (2010a), Groom (2011a), Hering (1957a), Houard (1909a), Ilie & Marinescu (2011a), Kollár (2007a, 2011a), Lambinon, Carbonnelle & Claerebout (2015a), de Meijere (1924a, 1939a), Meyer & Jaschhof (1999a), Möhn (1955a), Nijveldt & Beuk (2002a), Redfern & Shirley (2011a), Roskam (2009a), Roskam & Carbonnelle (2015a), Salas-Remón, Llimona, Lozano, Alcaraz & Pujade-Villar (2015a), Simova-Tošić, Skuhravá & Skuhravý (1996a, 2000a, 2004a, 2007a), Simova-Tošić, Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Postolovski (2007a), Skuhravá, Bayram, Çam, Tezcan & Can (2005a), Skuhravá &am Skuhravý (1994a, 1997a,b, 1999a, 2005c, 2010a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Blasco-Zumeta & Pujade-Villar (2006a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Buhr (2013a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Dauphin & Coutin (2005a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Dončev & Dimitrova (1991a, 1992a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Hellrigl (2001a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Jørgensen (2006a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Meyer (2014a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Neacsu (1972a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Skrzypczyńska & Szadziewski (2008a), Σφέτσας (2007a), Tomasi (2003a, 2012a), Unal & Akkuzu (2009a).