Monarthropalpus flavus (Schrank, 1776)

on Buxus

Buxus sempervirens ‘Angustifolia’, Hongarije, Budapest © László Érsek

underside

detail

Buxus sempervirens, Belgium, Liege; upper side of the leaf; © Jean-Yves Baugnée

underside of the leaf

larva in opened gall

Buxus sempervirens, Belgium, prov. Liège: Ben-Ahin, Lovegnée-Bosquet: old galls © Jean-Yves Baugnée

another larva

Buxus sempervirens France, Paris, Versailles, Château de Versailles © Stéphane Claerebout: exuvium protruding from the gall

mine

Lower-surface circular mine, just a few mm in diameter. Upper surface wart-like, somewhat discoloured, opaque. Mine often on top of the midrib. Sometime several mines together, which may fuse. The larvae live of leaf tissue by means of external digestion.

hostplants

Buxaceae, monophagous

Buxus balearica, microphylla, sempervirens, wallichiana.

phenology

One generation per year; the larve hibernates in the gall, and pupates in spring.

BENELUX

BE recorded (Jean-Yves Baugnée: Liége).

NE recorded de Meijere (1924a).

LUX not recorded (Fauna Europaea, 2008).

distribution within Europe

Entire Europe, except Ireland and the southern Balkan (Fauna Europaea, 2008).

larva

Young larvae are white, older ones pale orange. Galled leaves are dropped prematurely. Univoltine. Larvae hibernate in the gall, pupate in spring.

spatula with papillae (from Möhn, 1955a)

synonyms

Monarthropalpus buxi (Laboulbène, 1873).

references

Anagnou–Veroniki, Papaioannou–Souliotis, Karanstasi & Giannopolitis (2008a), Barnes (1948a), Béguinot (2000b, 2002a), Braggion (2013a), Buhr (1964b), Cilbircioğlu & Ünal (2009a), Dauphin & Aniotsbehere (1997a), Docters van Leeuwen (1936a), Draghia (1971a), Gagné (2010a), Groom (2011a), Hering (1957a), Houard (1909a), Ilie & Marinescu (2011a), Kollár (2007a, 2011a), Lambinon, Carbonnelle & Claerebout (2015a), de Meijere (1924a, 1939a), Meyer & Jaschhof (1999a), Möhn (1955a), Nijveldt & Beuk (2002a), Redfern & Shirley (2011a), Roskam (2009a), Roskam & Carbonnelle (2015a), Salas-Remón, Llimona, Lozano, Alcaraz & Pujade-Villar (2015a), Simova-Tošić, Skuhravá & Skuhravý (1996a, 2000a, 2004a, 2007a), Simova-Tošić, Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Postolovski (2007a), Skuhravá, Bayram, Çam, Tezcan & Can (2005a), Skuhravá & Skuhravý (1994a, 1997a,b, 1999a, 2005c, 2010a, 2021a: 57), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Blasco-Zumeta & Pujade-Villar (2006a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Buhr (2013a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Dauphin & Coutin (2005a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Dončev & Dimitrova (1991a, 1992a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Hellrigl (2001a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Jørgensen (2006a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Meyer (2014a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Neacsu (1972a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Skrzypczyńska & Szadziewski (2008a), Σφέτσας (2007a), Tomasi (2003a, 2012a), Unal & Akkuzu (2009a).