Anisostephus betulinus (Kieffer, 1889)
on Betula
Betula pendula, Heerde, lg de Dellen, 20.vi.2018 © Hans Jonkman
same leaf, underside

Betula pubesens, Voorschoten, lg de Horsten

same leaf, underside
gall
Larva solitary, whitish, with a conspicuous sternal spatula; one generation per year; hibernation in the soil.
hostplants
Betulaceae, monophagous
Betula litwinowii, pendula, pubescens.
notes
if the galls occur on Betula nana, then check also for Massalongia bachmaieri.
larva
spatula with papillae (from Möhn, 1955a)
synonyms
Contarinia betulina.
references
Barnes (1951a), Béguinot (2002g, 2006a,b, 2007b), Bellmann (2012a), Buhr (1964b), Coulianos & Holmåsen (1991a), Dauphin & Aniotsbehere (1997a), Houard (1908a), Kollár (2011a), Koops (2013a), Lambinon, Carbonnelle & Claerebout (2015a), Lehmann & Hannover (2016a), Möhn (1955a), O’Connor & Wistow (1999a), Redfern & Shirley (2011a), Roskam (2009a), Roskam & Carbonnelle (2015a), Simova-Tošić, Skuhravá Skuhravý (2007a), Skrzypczyńska (2007a), Skuhravá & Skuhravý (2005b, 2006a, 2007a, 2010a,b, 2012a, 2021a: 51), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Buhr (2013a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Carbonnelle (2017a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Dauphin & Coutin (2005a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Jørgensen (2006a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Meyer (2014a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Skrzypczyńska & Szadziewski (2008a), Tomasi (2014a).