Betula pubesens, Voorschoten, lg de Horsten

same leaf, underside

gall

Larva solitary, whitish, with a conspicuous sternal spatula; one generation per year; hibernation in the soil.

hostplants

Betulaceae, monophagous

Betula litwinowii, pendula, pubescens.

notes

if the galls occur on Betula nana, then check also for Massalongia bachmaieri.

larva

spatula with papillae (from Möhn, 1955a)

synonyms

Contarinia betulina.

references

Barnes (1951a), Béguinot (2002g, 2006a,b, 2007b), Bellmann (2012a), Buhr (1964b), Coulianos & Holmåsen (1991a), Dauphin & Aniotsbehere (1997a), Houard (1908a), Kollár (2011a), Koops (2013a), Lambinon, Carbonnelle & Claerebout (2015a), Lehmann & Hannover (2016a), Möhn (1955a), O’Connor & Wistow (1999a), Redfern & Shirley (2011a), Roskam (2009a), Roskam & Carbonnelle (2015a), Simova-Tošić, Skuhravá Skuhravý (2007a), Skrzypczyńska (2007a), Skuhravá & Skuhravý (2005b, 2006a, 2007a, 2010a,b, 2012a, 2021a: 51), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Buhr (2013a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Carbonnelle (2017a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Dauphin & Coutin (2005a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Jørgensen (2006a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Meyer (2014a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Skrzypczyńska & Szadziewski (2008a), Tomasi (2014a).