Sonchus cf asper, Belgium, prov. Hainaut, Vaulx-le-Tournai © Sébastien Carbonnelle

gall

the flower heads are enlarged, because the receptacle is strongly broadened and swollen. On top of the receptacle live several yellow, jumping, larvae. Multivoltine, pupation in the soil.

According to Buhr this species makes yet another type of gall: The larvae live in the leaf axils and the adjacent section of the stem is swollen and contorted.

hostplants

Asteraceae, monophagous

Sonchus arvensis, asper, oleraceus.

synonyms

Contarinia sonchi Kieffer, 1896.

references

Buhr (1965a), Dauphin & Aniotsbehere (1997a), Gagné (2010a), Gagné & Jaschhof (2014a), Houard (1909a), Redfern & Shirley (2011a), Roskam & Carbonnelle (2015a), Simova-Tošić, Skuhravá & Skuhravý (1996a), Skuhravá & Skuhravý (1994a, 1997a, 1999b), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Dauphin & Coutin (2005a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Meyer (2014a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Skrzypczyńska & Szadziewski (2008a), Tomasi (2012a, 2014a).