Trifolium pratense, Polen, Bialowieza © Sébastien Carbonnelle

opened gall

Trifolium pratense, Flevoland, Reve-Abbertbos © Hans Jonkman

gall

A galled flower remains closed and underdeveloped within the enlarged calyce, and contains one white, later pink larva, that pupates within the gall. Usually many flowers of a flower head ad attacked, giving the head an untidy appearance, and making it firm to the touch. Two or three annual generations; pupation in the soil.

hostplants

Fabaceae, monophagous

Trifolium arvense, bordzilowskyi, hybridum, medium, pratense.

Not on T. repens.

synonyms

Cecidomyia, Perrisia, flosculorum Kieffer, 1890.

inquilines

The larvae are predated upon by Lestodiplosis pallidicornis and L. trifolii.

larva

spatula (from Nijveldt, 1963a)

anal segment (from Nijveldt, 1963a)

parasitoids, predators

Aprostocetus pausiris.

references

Buhr (1965a), Dauphin & Aniotsbehere (1997a), Gagné (2010a), Houard (1909a) , Kieffer (1891a), Mirumian (2011a), Nijveldt (1963a), Redfern & Shirley (2011a), Roskam (2009a), Roskam & Carbonnelle (2015a), Sakaltaş Ariyak & Tüzün (2014a), Skuhravá & Skuhravý (2009a, 2010a, 2012a, 2021a: 285), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Dauphin & Coutin (2005a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Hellrigl (2001a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Jørgensen (2006a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Meyer (2014a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Skrzypczyńska & Szadziewski (2008a), Sylvén (1983a).