Urtica dioica, Nieuwendam

Urtica dioica, Bergen op Zoom: heavily infested plant

Urtica dioica, Zeewolde, Harderbos © Hans Jonkman: extreme infestation

Urtica dioica, Tilburg, de Kaaistoep: gall near the base of the leaf, at the midrib; upperside

same gall, underside

Urtica dioica, Beuningen: each gall contains one white larva

Urtica dioica, Duin en Kruidberg: gall at the leaf margin

the gall contained a parasitoid

detail of the wasp

Urtica dioica, Tilburg, de Kaaistoep: larva and spatula

gall

One to six white larvae in a gall; two or more generations per year; pupation in the soil. Vacated galls turn brown and wither.

hostplants

Urticaceae, monophagous

Urtica dioica, urens.

larva

prosternum with spatula (from Möhn, 1955a)

synonyms

Cecidomyia, Perrisia, urticae.

inquilines

Ametrodiplosis urticae and the predator Lestodiplosis urticae.

references

Baylac (1988a), Béguinot (2001c, 2002a,d,e,g, 2006a,c, 2007b, 2012a), Bellmann (2012a), Bruun (2015a), Buhr (1965a), Chinery (2011a), Cogolludo (1921a), Coulianos & Holmåsen (1991a), Dauphin & Aniotsbehere (1997a), Flügel (2016a), Gagné (2010a), Groom (2011a), Houard (1908a), Ilie & Marinescu (2011a), Kieffer (1891a), Koops (2013a), Lambinon & Romain (2009a), Lambinon, Schneider & Feitz (2001b), Lehmann & Flügel (2012a), Lehmann & Hannover (2016a), Mirumian (2011a), Redfern & Shirley (2011a), Roskam (2009a), Roskam & Carbonnelle (2015a), Simova-Tošić & Skuhravá (2001a), Simova-Tošić, Skuhravá & Skuhravý (1996a, 2000a, 2004a, 2007a), Simova-Tošić, Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Postolovski (2007a), Skrzypczyńska (2007a), Skuhravá (2006a), Skuhravá & Skuhravý (1988a, 1994a,b, 1997a,b, 1999a,b, 2002a, 2003a, 2005b,c, 2006a, 2008a, 2009a, 2010a,b, 2012a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Blasco-Zumeta & Pujade-Villar (2006a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Buhr (2013a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Carbonnelle (2017a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Dauphin & Coutin (2005a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Dončev & Dimitrova (1991a, 1992a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Hellrigl (2001a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Jørgensen (2006a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Meyer (2014a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Neacsu (1972a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Skrzypczyńska & Szadziewski (2008a), Stănescu (2009a), Sylvén (1983a), Tavares (1905a), Tomasi (2003a, 2012a, 2014a).