Viola calaminaria, Belgium, prov. Liège, Angleur, Ourthe © Jean-Yves Baugnée

gall

Two or more generations; pupation in a cocoon in the gall.

hostplants

Violaceae, monophagous

Viola arvensis, cornuta, calaminaria, elegantula, tricolor & subsp. polychroma.

synonyms

Cecidomyia, Perrisia, violae.

references

Barnes (1948a), Buhr (1965a), Dauphin & Aniotsbehere (1997a), Houard (1909a), Kieffer (1891a), Lehmann & Hannover (2016a), Löw (1881a, 1888a), Máca (2012a), Redfern & Shirley (2011a), Roskam (2009a), Roskam & Carbonnelle (2015a), Simova-Tošić, Skuhravá & Skuhravý (2000a, 2007a), Skuhravá (2006a), Skuhravá & Skuhravý (1994b, 1997a, 1999a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Blasco-Zumeta Pujade-Villar (2006a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Carbonnelle (2017a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Dauphin & Coutin (2005a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Jørgensen (2006a) Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Meyer (2014a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Neacsu (1972a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Skrzypczyńska & Szadziewski (2008a), Stelter (1982a).