Betula pubescens, Hoenderlo, Hoge Veluwe: catkins, shedding their fruits and scales, leaving the galls behind

Betula pendula, Amsterdamse Waterleidingduinen; gall, seen from the side; the ungalled catkin scales and fruits have been removed, leaving only the axis of the catkin

Betula pubescens, Burgh-Haamstede; older gall

gall

Galling of the base of a catkin scale. The orange larva pupates in the gall.

host plants

Betulaceae, monophagous

Betula pendula, pubescens.

references

Bruun (2015a), Burton, Carbonnelle, Ellis & Schneider (2019a), Dauphin & Aniotsbehere (1997a), Gagné (2010a), Lambinon, Carbonnelle & Claerebout (2015a), Redfern & Shirley (2011a), Roskam (1977a, 1979a, 2009a), Roskam & Carbonnelle (2015a), Roskam & van Uffelen (1981a), Simova-Tošić, Skuhravá & Skuhravý (1996a, 2000a, 2004a, 2007a), Simova-Tošić, Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Postolovski (2007a), Skuhravá & Skuhravý (1988a, 1997b, 1999a,b, 2005c, 2007a, 2009a, 2010a,b, 2012a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Carbonnelle (2017a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Dauphin & Coutin (2005a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Dončev & Dimitrova (1991a, 1992a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Hellrigl (2001a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Jørgensen (2006a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Meyer (2014a).