Rubus fruticosus, Flevoland, Reve-Abbertbos © Hans Jonkman

Rubus sp., Belgium, prov. Liège, Fraiture, Rivage © Jean-Yves Baugnée

Rubus caesius, Belgium, prov. Hainaut, Arquennes, Bois d’Arpes © Jean-Yves Baugnée

opened gall

Rubus sp., Mierlo: opened gall with older larva © Arnold Grosscurt

Rubus idaeus, Haren, Glimmen © Arnold Grosscurt: one year old gall

same gall, opened with exuvia

gall

The, often one-sided, growing gall causes the bark to split lengthwise (contrary to the gall of Diastrophus rubi). Full grown larvae are orange-yellow; generally 6-11 in a gall. One generation per year; pupation and hibernation within the gall.

host plants

Rosaceae, monophagous

Rubus caesius, canescens, gillotii, grabowskii, idaeus, nessensis, fruticosus, plicatus, praecox, ulmifolius.

larva

prosternum with spatula (from Möhn, 1955a); see also Yegorenkova & Yefremova.

parasitoids, predators

Aprostocetus roesellae, rubi, rubicola, tymber; Eupelmus barai, fulvipes, urozonus, vesicularis; Eurytoma aterrima, curculionum, rosae; Mesopolobus rhabdophaga; Platygaster pelias; Sigmophora brevicornis; Sycophila submutica; Torymus chloromerus, eadyi, rubi.

inquilines

Clinodiplosis socialis.

references

Barnes (1948b), Béguinot (2001c, 2002a,e,g, 2006a,c, 2007b, 2012a), Bellmann (2012a), Blanes-Dalmau, Caballero-López & Pujade-Villar (2017a), Bruun (2015a), Buhr (1965a), Chinery (2012a), Chireceanu, Chiriloaie, Teodoru & Sivu (2015a), Cogolludo (1921a), Coulianos & Holmåsen (1991a), Dauphin & Aniotsbehere (1997a), Dietrich (2016a), Flügel (2016a), Fusu (2017a), Gagné (2010a), de Vere Graham & Gijswijt (1998a), Hellrigl (2004b, 2006a), Houard (1908a), Ilie & Marinescu (2011a), Kieffer (1891a), Koops (2013a), Lambinon, Carbonnelle & Claerebout (2015a), Lambinon & Romain (2009a), Lambinon, Schneider & Feitz (2001b), Lehmann & Flügel (2012a), Lehmann & Hannover (2016a), Redfern & Shirley (2011a), Roskam (2009a), Roskam & Carbonnelle (2015a), Sakaltaş Ariyak & Tüzün (2014a), Simova-Tošić & Skuhravá (2001a), Simova-Tošić, Skuhravá & Skuhravý (1996a, 2000a, 2004a, 2007a), Simova-Tošić, Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Postolovski (2007a), Skrzypczyńska (2007a), Skuhravá (2006a), Skuhravá, Bayram, Çam ao (2005a), Skuhravá & Skuhravý (1988a, 1994a, 1997a,b, 1999a,b, 2002a, 2005b,c, 2006a, 2007a, 2009a, 2010a, 2012a, 2021a: 230), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Blasco-Zumeta & Pujade-Villar (2006a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Buhr (2013a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Carbonnelle (2017a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Dauphin & Coutin (2005a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Dončev & Dimitrova (1991a, 1992a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Hellrigl (2001a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Jørgensen (2006a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Kettani (2017a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Meyer (2014a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Neacsu (1972a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Skrzypczyńska & Szadziewski (2008a), Stănescu (2009a), Tomasi (2003a, 2014a), Yegorenkova & Yefremova (2016a).