Cystiphora sanguinea (Bremi, 1847)
on Hieracium, Pilosella
Hieracium section Vulgata, Norway, Aurmoen, 7.vii.2020 © Hallvard Elven: female
Hieracium section Vulgata, Norway, Sørkedalen, Finnerud, 18.viii.2020 © Hallvard Elven: female
Hieracium section Hieracium, Norway, Grimsøya, 11.vi.2019 © Hallvard Elven: gall
Hieracium section Hieracium, Norway, Grimsøya, 11.vi.2019 © Hallvard Elven: gall
Hieracium section Hieracium, Norway, Grimsøya, 11.vi.2019 © Hallvard Elven: gall
Hieracium section Vulgata, Norway, Aurmoen, 7.vii.2020 © Hallvard Elven: gall
Hieracium section Vulgata, Norway, Sørkedalen, Finnerud, 18.viii.2020 © Hallvard Elven: gall
Hieracium section Hieracium, Norway, Grimsøya, 11.vi.2019 © Hallvard Elven: larva
Hieracium section Vulgata, Norway, Aurmoen, 7.vii.2020 © Hallvard Elven: larva
Hieracium section Vulgata, Norway, Sørkedalen, Finnerud, 18.viii.2020 © Hallvard Elven: male
Hieracium spec., Montenegro, Biogradska National Park, 21.vii.2019 ©
Cor Zonneveld
another plant. The “halo” of necrotic, whitish plant tissue that surrounds the gall is in galls an exceptional phenomenon.
Hieracium sp., Belgium, prov. Antwerp, Meerhout, 25.v.2015 © Carina Vansteenwinke
another leaf
Hieracium vulgatum, Luxemburg: Kautenbach, 16.ix.2002
Hieracium spec., France, dép. Nord, Zuydcoote, 25.x.2015 © Sébastien Carbonnelle: underside of the leaf showing the larvae
mine
Circular, lower-surface blotch, about 5 mm in diameter, often quite a number together on a leaf. Upper surface wart-like, strongly reddish discoloured, opaque. At the lower surface the mine is closed only by the epidermis. The white larva is easily visible, as is its food: drops of of liquid resulting from external digestion. Pupation in the soil.
hostplants
Asteraceae, narrowly oligophagous
Hieracium lachenalii & subsp. acuminatum + cruentifolium, laevigatum, murorum, prenanthoides, racenosum subsp. virgaurea, sabaudum & subsp. boreale, schmidtii, scorzonerifolium subsp. flexuosum, umbellatum; Pilosella aurantiaca, lactucella, officinarum, piloselloides subsp. praealta.
phenology
Larvae from June-October (Hering, 1957a); two or more generations per year (Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Jørgensen, 2006a).
BENELUX
BE recorded (Gosseries, 1991c).
NE recorded (de Meijere, 1939a).
LUX recorded (Lambinon, Schneider & Feitz 2001b).
distribution within Europe
From Scandinavia to the Iberian Peninsula and Italy, and from the UK to Roumania (Fauna Europaea, 2007).
larva
Yellowish to orange-red.
spatula with papillae (from Möhn, 1955a)
synonyms
Cecidomyia, Cystophora, hieracii Löw, 1874; C. pilosellae (Kieffer, 1892).
parasitoids, predators
notes
The biology of Cystiphora species forms a transition between the mining and galling ways of life.
references
Béguinot (2003a, 2012a), Beiger (1958a, 1960a, 1965a), Bruun (2015a), Buhr (1964b), Cogolludo (1921a), Dauphin & Aniotsbehere (1997a), Deckert & Deckert (2016a), Docters van Leeuwen (1936a), Gagné (2010a), Gosseries (1991c), Hansson & Shevtsova (2012a), Hering (1957a), Houard (1909a), Huber (1969a), Kieffer (1888a), Lambinon, Carbonnelle & Claerebout (2015a), Lambinon, Schneider & Feitz (2001b, 2012a), Lehmann & Hannover (2016a), Maček (2002a), de Meijere (1939a), Meyer & Jaschhof (1999a), Möhn (1955a), Nijveldt & Beuk (2002a), Redfern & Shirley (2011a), Roskam (2009a), Roskam & Carbonnelle (2015a), Simova-Tošić (2008a), Simova-Tošić, Skuhravá & Skuhravý (1996a, 2004a 2007a), Skuhravá & Skuhravý (1988a, 1992b, 1994a, 1997a,b, 1999a,b, 2005b,c, 2010a,b, 2003a, 2012a, 2021a: 130, 131), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Blasco-Zumeta & Pujade-Villar (2006a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Dauphin & Coutin (2005a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Jørgensen (2006a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Meyer (2014a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Neacsu (1972a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Skrzypczyńska & Szadziewski (2008a), Tomasi (2014a).