Hartigiola annulipes (Hartig, 1839)
on Fagus
Fagus sylvatica, Bloemendaal, Buitenveldert, Duin en Kruisberg, Niewendam: gall (upper surface) from the side
split vertically, and cut from its base
the larva sits usually (always?) in the base
The gall is attached to the leaf with a narrowed base
the point of attachement
vertical section through the base of the gall
detail; trophic tissue?
underside; the dark centre suggests an opening but that is (still?) closed (detail picture at right)
upperside of a very young gall
somewhat older gall
same gall, underside
vertical section
Fagus sylvatica, de Kaaistoep: an even younger stage; © Paul van Wielink
Fagus sylvatica, Bussum; the same, very early stage; the gall at left is the most advanced of the three. When from that gall the upper epidermis is taken away, it appears that a tuft of white hairs has developed below it (photo at right).
Fagus sylvatica, Dronten © Arnold Grosscurt: young, failed galls
detail of the underside
Fagus sylvatica, Denekamp, lg Singrave; when the galls have dropped off in winter, their scars still are easily recognisable in the fallen leaves.
Fagus sylvatica, lg. Welna © Hans Jonkman
gall
Larva white, solitary; a single generation per year; the larva hibernates in the fallen gall and pupates therein also in spring.
host plants
Fagaceae, monophagous
Fagus orientalis, sylvatica.
larva
the prosternum has no spatula (from Möhn, 1955a)
synonyms
Oligotrophus fagineus Kieffer, 1909; Phegobia tornatella (Bremi 1847).
notes
the ontogeny of the very first stages of the gall is described by Rohfritsch (2011a).
Galls mainly high up in the canopy (Kampichler & Teschner, 2002a).
The larvae may be killed within their gall by a strong development of the endophytic fungus Apiognomonia errabunda.
references
Abras, Fassotte, Chandelier & Cavelier (2008a), Barnes (1951a), Béguinot (2001c, 2002e,g, 2005a, 2006a, 2007b, 2012a), Bellido, Ros-Farré & Pujade-Villar (2003a), Bellmann (2012a), Blanes-Dalmau, Caballero-López & Pujade-Villar (2017a), Bruun (2015a), Buhr (1964b), Chinery (2011a), Cilbircioğlu & Ünal (2009a), Dauphin & Aniotsbehere (1997a), Delvare, Bon, Hérard, ao (2004a), Dietrich (2016a), Gagné (2010a), de Vere Graham & Gijswijt (1998a), Groom (2011a), Hellrigl (2004b, 2006a), Houard (1908a), Ilie & Marinescu (2011a), Kieffer (1909a), Koops (2013a), Lambinon, Carbonnelle & Claerebout (2015a), Lambinon & Romain (2009a), Lambinon, Schneider & Feitz (2001b), Lehmann & Hannover (2016a), Mirumian (2011a), Mirumian & Skuhravá (2022a), Möhn (1955a), Nijveldt (1981a), O’Connor & Wistow (1999a), Redfern & Shirley (2011a), Roskam (2009a), Roskam & Carbonnelle (2015a), Schimitschek (1939a), Seidel (1957a), Simova-Tošić & Skuhravá (2001a), Simova-Tošić, Skuhravá ; Skuhravý 1996a, 2000a, 2004a, 2007a), Simova-Tošić, Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Postolovski (2007a), Skrzypczyńska (2007a), Skuhravá (1989a, 2006a), Skuhravá, Bayram, Çam ao (2005a), Skuhravá & Skuhravý (1988a, 1992b, 1994a, 1997a,b, 1999a,b, 2005c, 2006a, 2007a, 2008a, 2010a, 2012a, 2021a: 106), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Blasco-Zumeta & Pujade-Villar (2006a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Buhr (2013a), Rohfritsch (2011a), Schimitschek (1939a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Dauphin & Coutin (2005a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Dončev & Dimitrova (1991a, 1992a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Hellrigl (2001a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Jørgensen (2006a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Massa (2007a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Meyer (2014a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý & Neacsu (1972a), Skuhravá, Skuhravý, Skrzypczyńska & Szadziewski (2008a), Stănescu (2009a), Tomasi (2003a), Unal & Akkuzu (2009a).